Osveščenost študentov zdravstvene nege o zaščiti pred klopnim meningoencefalitisom : diplomsko delo

Kožar, Ernad (author), Kvas, Andreja (mentor)

Uvod: Klopni meningoencefalitis je okužba osrednjega živčevja, ki se lahko odraža v različnih oblikah nevrološkega primanjkljaja pri posamezniku, tako z blagimi kakor hudimi zapleti, lahko pa se konča tudi s smrtjo. Bolezen preprečimo z razpoložljivim cepivom in izvajanjem klasičnega preventivnega obnašanja v vsakdanjem življenju. Precepljenost je v Sloveniji med nižjimi v Evropi, zato je treba problemu z vidika preprečevanja bolezni nameniti dodatno pozornost. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti osveščenost študentov zdravstvene nege o zaščiti pred klopnim meningoencefalitisom. Metode dela: Izvedena je bila kvantitativna presečna raziskava, ki je temeljila na anketnem vprašalniku, ki ga je anonimno izpolnilo 120 študentov zdravstvene nege v izbrani izobraževalni instituciji. Opravili smo osnovno statistično analizo spremenljivk (maksimalna in minimalna vrednost, standardni odklon in aritmetična sredina). Za izvedbo ankete je bil uporabljen spletni portal EnKlikAnketa. Rezultati: Z raziskavo je bilo ugotovljeno, da se anketiranci strinjajo, da najučinkovitejšo zaščito pred klopnim meningoencefalitisom nudi cepljenje (M = 1,2). Kot glavni razlog slabe precepljenosti proti klopnemu meningoencefalitisu v Sloveniji anketiranci navajajo, da ljudje ne čutijo, da je tveganje za izpostavljenost klopnega meningoencefalitisa veliko (62 %). Velika večina anketiranih meni, da bi se za cepljenje proti klopnemu meningoencefalitisu odločili v primeru, če bi bilo to brezplačno (59 %), in se namesto tega v praktičnem življenju pred ugrizom klopa v naravi najpogosteje zaščitijo s pokrivanjem telesa (M = 1,8), najredkeje pa uporabljajo repelente (M = 2,5). Razprava in zaključek: Pomembno je, da se študenti zdravstvene nege kot bodoči zdravstveniki/medicinske sestre zavedajo pomena preprečevanja bolezni z razpoložljivim cepivom in da med ljudmi širijo znanje, da se lahko na ta način ustrezno zaščitijo pred okužbo s klopnim meningoencefalitisom. Stopnje nizke precepljenosti klopnega meningoencefalitisa so povezane s stroški cepljenja, česar se zavedajo tudi anketiranci in se strinjajo, da bi z uvedbo brezplačnega cepljenja za vse prebivalce proti klopnemu meningoencefalitisu v prihodnosti tako lahko znatno vplivali na dvig precepljenosti klopnega meningoencefalitisa v Sloveniji. Ugotovljena je potreba po sodelovanju študentov zdravstvene nege z zaposlenimi na kliničnihh oddelkih, kjer bi lahko skupaj oblikovali nove smernice in aktivnosti preventive pred okužbo s klopnim meningoencefalitisom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: preventiva, klopni meningoencefalitis, zdravstvena vzgoja, cepljenje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111855
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5710955
• Publication date in RUL: 16.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Nursing student’s awareness on tick-borne encephalitis protection : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction:Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of the central nervous system, which can be reflected in various forms of neurological deficits in an individual that involves both mild and severe complications or ending with death. The disease is prevented with the available vaccine and the implementation of classical preventive behaviour in everyday life. Because immunization rate in Slovenia is among the lowest in Europe, it is therefore necessary to pay attention to the problem, especially from the view of preventing the disease. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to determine the awareness of nursing students about protection against tick-borne encephalitis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey based on an anonymous questionnaire, which was completed by 120 nursing students. A basic statistical analysis of the variables (maximum and minimum values, standard deviation and arithmetic mean) was performed. We used EnKlikAnketa web portal for analysis. Results: The data analysis revealed that the surveyed nursing students considered that the most effective protection against tick-borne encephalitis was vaccination (M = 1.2). As main reason for the poor vaccination coverage of tick-borne encephalitis in Slovenia, according to the surveyed students, was that people considered the risik of tick-borne encephalitis exposure to be low (62 %). Students most often protect themselves against ticks by covering their bodies (M = 1.8) and rarely reach for repellents (M = 2.5), adding that they would be more likely to vaccinate against tick-borne encephalitis if it were free of charge (59 %). Discussion and conclusion: It is important that nursing students are aware of the importance of preventing the disease with the available vaccine and that they are spreading the knowledge among people that they can adequately protect themselves against tick-borne encephalitis . Low tick-borne encephalitis vaccination rates are also related to the costs of vaccination, which are known to the surveyed students and suggest that the introduction of a free tick-borne encephalitis vaccine could have a significant impact on the increase of tick-borne encephalitis vaccination rates in Slovenia in the future. It has been also indetified the need for collaboration of nursing students with clinical departments in achieving better guidelines and activities for prevention of tick-borne encephalitis.

• Keywords: prevention, tick-borne encephalitis, health education, vaccination