Zdravstvena vzgoja bolnika za samostojno izvajanje peritonealne dialize na domu : diplomsko delo

Savicki Ponikvar, Barbara (author), Kvas, Andreja (mentor)

Uvod: Kronična ledvična bolezen lahko vodi v končno odpoved ledvic in v sodobnem času imajo bolniki na voljo več vrst nadomestnih zdravljenj: hemodializo, peritonealno dializo in presaditev ledvice. Odločitev o vrsti nadomestnega zdravljenja je skupna odločitev nefrologa in bolnika, ki pred odločitvijo opravi preddializno informiranje o vrstah nadomestnih zdravljenj končne ledvične odpovedi. Peritonealna dializa je ena izmed treh metod nadomestnega zdravljenja končne ledvične odpovedi. To je oblika nadomestnega zdravljenja, ki jo bolnik izvaja doma sam ali s pomočjo svojcev. Zato je zelo pomembno, da bolnika dobro naučimo izvajanja peritonealne dialize ter prepoznavanja zapletov. Pri zdravstveni vzgoji in usposabljanju bolnika za izvajanje peritonealne dialize doma ima ključno vlogo medicinska sestra, ki bolnika skozi proces zdravstvene vzgoje nauči izvajanja peritonealne dialize. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na osnovi pregleda literature predstaviti proces zdravstvene vzgoje bolnika za samostojno izvajanje peritonealne dialize. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom domače in tuje znanstvene in strokovne literature. Pregledali smo literaturo, ki je bila objavljena v obdobju med letoma 2006 in 2019. S prikazom primera bo predstavljena zdravstvena vzgoja bolnika, ki se pripravlja na samostojno izvajanje peritonealne dialize. Rezultati: Pri bolniku je bila postavljena diagnoza končne ledvične odpovedi in je potreboval nadomestno zdravljenje z dializo. Bolnik se je po pogovoru z zdravnikom in po predstavitvi dializ odločil za zdravljenje s peritonealno dializo. Medicinska sestra je z bolnikom opravila pogovor, v katerem je pridobila potrebne informacije za izdelavo individualnega načrta zdravstvene vzgoje za samostojno izvajanje peritonealne dialize na domu. Zdravstveno vzgojo je izvedla po pripravljenem načrtu, ki ga je sproti korigirala glede na bolnikove potrebe. Bolnik je usvojil znanja in veščine za samostojno izvajanje peritonealne dialize. Razprava in zaključek: Zdravstvena vzgoja bolnika za izvajanje peritonealne dialize na domu je pomemben del zdravljenja bolnika s končno odpovedjo ledvic. Pomembno je, da ima medicinska sestra, ki načrtuje in izvaja zdravstveno vzgojo bolnika na peritonealni dializi, dodatna specialna znanja in večletne delovne izkušnje z dializnimi bolniki. Skozi proces zdravstvene vzgoje je medicinska sestra najprej ugotovila bolnikove potrebe, njegove posebnosti glede načina učenja, pripravila načrt zdravstvenovzgojnega dela, ga izvedla in vrednotila. Končni cilj njenega zdravstvenovzgojnega dela je bil dosežen, saj je bolnik samostojno izvajal peritonealno dializo na domu in si s tem zagotovil kakovosten način življenja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: medicinska sestra, učenje, poučevanje, zdravljenje na domu
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111559
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5703531
• Publication date in RUL: 03.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Teaching patient for home peritoneal dialysis : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic renal disease may lead to end-stage renal disease and these patients have three choices of renal replacement therapy: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. Its a shared decision between nephrologist and patient, after patients predialysis education about all renal replacement therapies. Peritoneal dialysis is one of them. This is a treatment for end-stage renal disease and it is a relatively simple technique. As such, it has been successfully developed as the preferred method of home dialysis. As the therapy is performed by patients themselves, the main focus is on providing these patients with effective education. Nurses have a key-role at health education of patient with peritoneal dialysis and they leed them through teaching steps to perform peritoneal dialysis at home. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to use domestic and foreign scientific literature to present the teaching process of the patient for performing home peritoneal dialysis. Methods: Research was based on a descriptive method involving a systematic review of domestic and foreign scientific literature from the period of 2006–2019. Results: The work presents the teaching process of the patient for performing home peritoneal dialysis through a case report. Patient with end-stage renal disease needed renal replacement therapy and after consultation with his nephrologist and introduction of renal replacement therapies, he chose peritoneal dialysis. After learning needs assessment, identifying learning goals and planning, we implemented teaching patient for home peritoneal dialysis. During and after the teaching process we evaluated learning to assure patients understanding. Discussion and conclusion: Effective patient education is not simple, but it is very important an has many benefits for patient learning for home peritoneal dialysis. A nurses ability to teach effectively can optimize patients knowledge, skills and capabilities for self-care. It is important, that nurses who are doing the peritoneal dialysis training are competent trainers and with many years of experience in peritoneal dialysis field. Nurses assess learning needs, sets learning goals with the patient, plans and implement education, evaluates learning and reeducates as needed. The final goal is that the patient can become independent with peritoneal dialysis and perform it safely at home.

• Keywords: nurse, education, teaching, home treatment