Vpliv indeksa telesne mase na gestacijski diabetes : diplomsko delo

Orožen, Tea (author), Petročnik, Petra (mentor)

Uvod: Naraščajoča pojavnost gestacijskega diabetesa v zadnjih letih je pomemben javnozdravstveni problem. Gestacijski diabetes lahko na splošno definiramo kot intoleranco za glukozo med nosečnostjo. Indeks telesne mase je meritev, ki kaže na prehranski status pri odraslih. Opredeljen je kot teža osebe v kilogramih, deljena s kvadratom višine osebe v metrih (kg / m2). Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kako indeks telesne mase nasploh vpliva na pojav gestacijskega diabetes in ali obstaja korelacija med povišanim indeksom telesne mase in gestacijskim diabetesom. Metode dela: V prvem delu diplomske naloge je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda pregleda literature, kjer je bila literatura iskana s pomočjo podatkovnih baz CINAHL, COBBIS, PubMed, DiKUL, RUL, Google Scholar. V nadaljevanju je bila uporabljena kavzalno neeksperimentalna metoda kvantitativnega empiričnega pristopa. Podatki so bili pridobljeni iz nacionalnega perinatalnega informacijskega sistema. Rezultati: Rezultati zajemajo podatke o nosečnicah iz vseh 14 slovenskih porodnišnic. Vzorec je zajemal ženske, ki so rodile v obdobju od 2013 do vključno 2017. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 100667 žensk, pri katerih je nosečnost potekala normalno. Na podlagi pridobljenih podatkov smo ugotovili, da so ženske, ki imajo višji indeks telesne mase, v večji meri diagnosticirane z gestacijskim diabetesom. Večina žensk gestacijski diabetes regulira s pomočjo diete. Prav tako so imele ženske, ki so bile starejše od 30 let, pogosteje diagnosticiran gestacijski diabetes. Ženske, ki imajo tako višji indeks telesne mase kot tudi gestacijski diabetes, imajo še bolj povečano tveganje za carski rez, kot če bi imele le eno od naštetih stanj. Kar se tiče distocije ramen, uporabe vakuuma / forcepsa ter epiziotomije, ni zaznati razlik v skupini, kjer ima ženska tako povišan indeks telesne mase kot gestacijski diabetes. Razprava in zaključek: Področje raziskovanja preučevane tematike je potrebno v prihodnje usmeriti proučevanje dejavnikov porasta gestacijskega diabetesa. Gestacijski diabetes je res pogostejši v skupini nosečnic z višjim indeksom telesne mase, vendar na gestacijski diabetes vpliva tudi starost.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: gestacijski diabetes, indeks telesne mase, zdrav življenjski slog
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111517
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5702507
• Publication date in RUL: 02.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effect of body mass index on gestational diabetes : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The increasing incidence of gestational diabetes in recent years is an important public health problem. Gestational diabetes can generally be defined as glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Body mass index is a measurement that indicates nutritional status at adults. It is defined as the weight of a person in kilograms, divided by the square of the person's height in meters (kg / m2). Purpose: The purpose was to determine how BMI may have influenced gestational diabetes in the existing correlation between elevated BMI in GDM. Methods: The first part of the diploma work used a descriptive method of literature review, where literature was searched using the CINAHL, COBBIS, PubMed, DiKUL, RUL, Google Scholar databases. The causal non-experimental method of the quantitative empirical approach was then used. Data were obtained from the National Perinatal Information System. Results: The results cover data on pregnant women from all 14 Slovenian maternity hospitals. The sample included women who gave birth in the period from 2013 to 2017 inclusive. The study included 100667 women with normal pregnancies. Based on the data obtained, we found that women with a higher body mass index were more likely to be diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Most women regulate gestational diabetes through diet. Women who were over 30 years of age were also more likely to be diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Women who have both a higher body mass index and gestational diabetes have an increased risk of caesarean section than if they only had one of the following. Regarding shoulder dystocia, vacuum / forceps use, and episiotomy, no changes were observed in the group where the woman had both an increased body mass index and gestational diabetes. Discussion and conclusion: In the future, the study of the studied topic should focus on the study of the growth factors of gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is more common at pregnant women with higher body mass index but is also affected by age.

• Keywords: gestational diabetes, body mass index, healthy lifestyle