Droge in abstinenčni sindrom pri otroku matere odvisnice od drog : diplomsko delo

Mehić, Samra (author), Thaler, Darja (mentor)

Uvod: V Sloveniji je po podatkih med nekaj več kot 2000 rednimi uživalci drog kar 30 % žensk v rodnem obdobju. Otrok, ki je bil v času nosečnosti izpostavljen opiatom, ima lahko različne posledice. Zaradi učinka drog na krvne žile posteljice in nedohranjenosti matere zaostaja v rasti, zaradi tveganega življenjskega sloga matere lahko pride do prenosa nevarnih okužb z virusi HIV, hepatitisi B in C ter bakterijami. Večje je tveganje za prezgodnji porod, po rojstvu pa nenaden padec droge v otrokovi krvi povzroči abstinenčni sindrom. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opozoriti na naraščajoči problem odvisnosti od nedovoljenih drog, zlasti pri ženskah v času nosečnosti, ter na nevarnosti za plod in kasneje za novorojenčka. Metode dela: Pri izdelavi diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda s pregledom domače in tuje literature, ki se nanaša na tematiko diplomskega dela. Rezultati: Raziskave so pokazale, da se pri 55–94 % otrok, ki so intrauterino izpostavljeni drogam, razvije neonatalni abstinenčni sindrom. Prvi znaki abstinenčnega sindroma so tremor, dolgotrajni cvileči jok, motnje hranjenja in spanja, mišična napetost. Pri 60–80 % otrok je potrebno farmakološko zdravljenje, pri katerem se uporabljata morfij in metadon. Zdravljenje novorojenčkov z manj izraženimi simptomi vključuje nastanitev novorojenčka v miren in zatemnjen prostor, postopno privajanje dojenčkovih čutil na dražljaje iz okolice, kontakt kože s kožo, sobivanje in dojenje, če ni kontraindikacij za to. Nefarmakološko zdravljenje je področje babiške nege, ki je zelo pomembno za primeren zgodnji razvoj novorojenčka. Razprava in zaključek: Zelo pomembna je vloga babiške nege pri zdravstveno-vzgojnem delu z nosečnico in s starši, ki se po rojstvu soočajo z abstinenčnim sindromom pri novorojenčku. Izjemnega pomena je vzpostavitev razumevajočega odnosa med zdravstvenimi delavci in mamo oziroma starši, ki bodo skrbeli za nadaljnji razvoj otroka. S tem se vzpostavi zaupanje in vključenost matere v skrb in nego otroka.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: odvisnost, droge, abstinenčni sindrom, natalni abstinenčni sindrom, zdravljenje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111514
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5702763
• Publication date in RUL: 02.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Drugs and withdrawal syndrome of a child born by a mother addicted to drugs : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In Slovenia according to aforementioned data, there are approximately 2000 consumers of drugs and 30 % of them represent women capable of delivering offspring. Drugs can cause severe consequences in unborn children. Due to malnutrition and the impact of drugs on blood vessels in placenta, a child development can be hindered. A mother which is HIV or hepatitis positive may transmit the infection to her unborn child. Certain bacteria can cause premature birth. Moreover, sudden drop of drug concentration in child’s blood can lead to a withdrawal syndrome. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to warn on the growing issue of addiction to illegal drugs, especially at pregnant women and to emphasise the danger, which addiction represent to fetus and a newborn baby. Methods: In this thesis it is used descriptive method with study of domestic and foreign literature regarding the topic. Results: Results have shown that between 55 – 94 % of children which were exposed to drugs, while in uterus, develop a neonatal a discontinuation syndrome. Among first signs of this syndrome are tremor, whining cry, eating and sleep disorder and muscular tension. Between 60 – 80 % of children need pharmacological treatment which include morphine and methadone. The treatment for babies with lighter symptoms usually involves settlement in calm and dark place as they can gradually become accustomed to external stimuli. Non-pharmacological treatment is an area of midwife care which is important on early development of a newborn child. Discussion and conclusion: The midwife care is very important for parents whose children face the withdrawal syndrome in first stage of upbringing. Furthermore, it is crucial to establish understanding relationship between healthcare workers and parents in order to provide the best care for a child. This means mutual trust in the involvement of mother in the care of child.

• Keywords: addiction, drugs, withdrawal syndrome, neonatal abstinence syndrome, treatment