Pravna ureditev varstva invalidov

Kjuder, Graden (author), Strban, Grega (mentor)

Invalidi v naši družbi predstavljajo eno izmed najbolj ranljivih družbenih skupin. Oteženo jim je nastopanje na trgu dela kot tudi vsakdanje življenje v naši družbi. Čeprav se tega dejstva zavedamo že od nekdaj, pa se je aktiven razvoj pravic invalidov začel šele po drugi svetovni vojni. Poglavitno vlogo pri tem je imela Organizacija združenih narodov, v okviru katere so se najprej začele pripravljati neobvezujoče deklaracije. V začetku osemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja je bil sprejet Svetovni akcijski program delovanja v korist invalidov, še istega leta, pa je bilo prihodnje desetletje razglašeno za desetletje posvečeno invalidom. To obdobje je bilo namenjeno predvsem implementaciji sicer neobvezujočega akcijskega programa. Kasneje so bile sprejete še Talinske smernice in Standardna pravila za izenačevanje možnosti invalidov, ki so tlakovala pot sprejemu Konvencije o pravicah invalidov, kot prvemu mednarodno pravno zavezujočemu dokumentu, ki predpisuje minimalne standarde pravic invalidov. Neenotna opredelitev invalidne osebe otežuje zagotavljanje pravic invalidov. Tudi v slovenskih pravnih aktih je invalidnost opredeljena na različne načine. V skladu s ZPIZ-2 je delovni invalid zavarovanec, pri katerem je ugotovljena invalidnost in je pridobil katero od pravic iz invalidskega zavarovanja. Pravice delovnih invalidov v slovenski zakonodaji se delijo na pravice zavarovancev brez preostale delovne zmožnosti (invalidska pokojnina) in pravice na podlagi preostale delovne zmožnosti. Italija, Grčija in Nizozemska pravice iz invalidskega zavarovanja urejajo različno. Razlike so vidne pri definiciji invalidne osebe, krogu zavarovanih oseb, naboru pravic zavarovancev ter pogojev, ki jih morajo zavarovanci izpolnjevati za pridobitev pravic iz invalidskega zavarovanja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: invalidi, opredelitev invalidnosti, razvoj varstva pravic invalidov, Organizacija združenih narodov, mednarodni pravni viri, invalidska pokojnina, nadomestila za invalidnost, primerjalno pravni vidik
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111465
• COBISS.SI-ID: 16974161
• Publication date in RUL: 02.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Legal regulation of protection of persons with disabilities

Abstract

In our society, people with disabilities represent one of the most vulnerable social groups. It is difficult for them to enter the labour market and to cope with everyday life in the society. Although we are aware of this problem from time immemorial, the active development of the rights of persons with disabilities began after the Second World War. The United Nations played a major role in the development of the rights by adopting the non-binding declarations. In the early 1980s, the World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons was adopted. Contemporaneously, the following decade was proclaimed a decade dedicated to the disabled people. This period was primarily intended for implementing the non-binding action program. Furthermore, Tallinn Guidelines for Action on Human Resources Development in the Field of Disability and the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities were adopted and led to formation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which is the first international legally binding document that determined minimum standards of the rights of persons with disabilities. The unequal definition of a disabled person makes it difficult to provide the rights for the disabled. In Slovenian legal acts, a disability is defined differently as well. In accordance with ZPIZ-2, a disabled worker is an insured person who has been identified as having a disability and has acquired one of the rights from disability insurance. In the Slovenian legislation the rights of disabled workers are divided into the rights of insured persons without a residual working capacity (disability pension) and entitlements on the basis of a residual working capacity. Italy, Greece and the Netherlands manage the disability insurance rights in different ways. They have different definitions of a disabled person, the range of insured persons, the pool of insured persons' rights, and the conditions that insured persons must meet in order to obtain rights from disability insurance.

• Keywords: persons with disabilities, definition of disability, development of protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, United Nations, international legal sources, disability pension, disability benefits, comparative legal aspect