Določitev vpliva nekontaktne fasadne ozelenitve na toplotni odziv stavbe s pomočjo eksperimentalnih meritev : magistrsko delo

Lesjak, Valentina (author), Košir, Mitja (mentor), Pajek, Luka (co-mentor)

Vse gostejši promet, vse več industrijske dejavnosti in večja raba energije zaradi urbanizacije vplivajo na naraščanje izpustov toplogrednih plinov v ozračje. Zmanjševanje rabe energije je ključno za ublažitev povzročene okoljske škode. V evropskih državah se 36 % vseh emisij toplogrednih plinov pripisuje stavbam. Velik del energije se porabi za hlajenje stavb, zato se iščejo rešitve, ki bi pripomogle k doseganju udobja v času hlajenja brez dodatne potrebe po energiji. Kot ena izmed rešitev se ponuja uporaba rastlin, ki lahko učinkovito prestrezajo sončno sevanje, kar vpliva na zmanjšanje temperature v stavbah in njihovi okolici. V povezavi s tem smo v magistrski nalogi določili vpliv nekontaktne fasadne ozelenitve na toplotni odziv stavbe. Naloga poleg teoretičnega vsebuje še eksperimentalni in simulacijski del. Eksperimentalne meritve so bile izvedene v obdobju od 16. junija do 30. oktobra 2018 na obstoječi stavbi v Punatu na otoku Krk. Izdelan je bil vzorec nekontaktne fasadne ozelenitve v velikosti 1,9 x 1,5 m. Vpliv je bil ovrednoten na podlagi tega, koliko rastlina prestreza sončno sevanje in s tem spremeni temperaturne pogoje na površini fasade. Spremljali smo spremembo razraščenosti rastline, vremenske danosti lokacije in stanje neba. Vrednost z ozelenitvijo prestrežene količine sončnega sevanja je bila odvisna predvsem od razraščenosti rastline. Podrobneje smo analizirali obdobje od 5. do 15. avgusta 2018. Največja vrednost prestreženega sončnega sevanja na jasen dan je znašala 505 W/m2, kar je predstavljalo 82 % sevanja pred rastlino. Največja razlika v temperaturi na površini osončene fasade in fasade za rastlino je znašala 13,5 K, kar je pomenilo zmanjšanje za 29 %. Na podlagi rezultatov, pridobljenih iz eksperimentalnih meritev, smo izdelali simulacijo vpliva nekontaktne fasadne ozelenitve na občuteno temperaturo notranjih prostorov. Primerjali smo vpliv pri namestitvi nekontaktne fasadne ozelenitve pred delno ali celotno površino stavbnega ovoja. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov iz eksperimenta in simulacij ugotavljamo, da nekontaktna fasadna ozelenitev zaradi prestrezanja sončnega sevanja vpliva na zmanjšanje površinske temperature stavbnega ovoja in posledično tudi na zmanjšanje občutene temperature v notranjih prostorih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: raba energije, okoljska škoda, sistemi ozelenitve, nekontaktna fasadna ozelenitev, kitajska glicinija, sončno sevanje, površinska temperatura fasade, občutena temperatura
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Publisher: V. Lesjak]
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110964
• UDC: 692.232(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8900705
• Publication date in RUL: 21.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Experimental determination of the non-contact green façade’s impact on the thermal response of a building : master thesis

Abstract

An increase in traffic, growing industrial activity and a surge in energy use due to urbanization result in increased greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Reducing energy use is key to mitigate environmental damage. In European countries, 36% of all greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to buildings. A lot of energy is used to cool buildings, that is why solutions that would achieve a cooling effect at no additional energy cost are highly sought after. One of the solutions is the use of plants that can effectively intercept solar radiation, which reduces the temperature in and around buildings. In light of the above, this master's thesis attempts to determine the influence of non-contact green façade on the thermal response of the building. In addition to the theoretical part, the thesis contains an experimental and simulation part. The experimental measurements were carried out from 16 June to 30 October 2018 at the already-existing building in the town of Punat on the island of Krk. A non-contact green façade sample with dimensions of 1.9 x 1.5 m was made. The impact was evaluated based on how much the plant intercepts solar radiation and thus changes the temperature conditions on the facade surface. Changes in plant growth, weather at the location and sky conditions were monitored. The value of the intercepted amount of solar radiation due to greenery depended mainly on the plant's growth. We analysed in more detail the period from 5 to 15 August 2018. The maximum value of the intercepted solar radiation on a clear day was 505 W/m2, which amounted to 82% of the radiation in front of the plant. The largest difference in temperature on the sunlit façade and the façade behind the plant was 13,5 K, which was a decrease of 29%. Based on the results obtained from the experimental measurements, a simulation of the effect of non-contact green façade on the operative indoor temperature was made. We compared the impact of installing non-contact green façade in front of a part or an entire exterior surface of the building envelope. Based on the results obtained from the experiment and simulations, it is concluded that, due to the interception of solar radiation, the non-contact green façade has the effect of reducing the surface temperature of the building envelope and, consequently, of reducing the operative indoor temperature.

• Keywords: energy use, environmental damage, greenery systems, non-contact green façade, Chinese wisteria, solar radiation, surface temperature of the façade, operative indoor temperature