Koncept invalidskega vozička na ročni pogon za lažje premagovanje arhitekturnih ovir in s spremenjenim načinom sedenja : diplomsko delo

Jesenek, Miha (author), Moharić, Metka (mentor), Hočevar, Gregor (comentor)

Uvod: Oseba na invalidskem vozičku se v svojem življenju srečuje z različnimi ovirami, pomembnejše med njimi so fizične oziroma arhitekturne ovire. Čeprav se po raziskavah urbanistično okolje pozitivno spreminja invalidom v prid, še vedno ostaja velik delež okolja, ki je za osebe na invalidskem vozičku težko dostopno. Možni zapleti pri uporabnikih invalidskih vozičkov, ki so velikokrat posledica dolgotrajnega sedenja, se odražajo v motnjah delovanja prebavil in sečil, bolečinah, mišičnih krčih, dihanju, pojavijo se urološki problemi ter lahko tudi razjede zaradi pritiska. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil izdelati invalidski voziček na ročni pogon, ki bi reševal težave uporabnikov invalidskih vozičkov na področju zdravstvenega stanja in na področju mobilnosti ter primerjava izdelanega invalidskega vozička s takim, ki ga pacienti danes najpogosteje uporabljajo. Metode dela: Izdelali smo invalidski voziček in testirali njegovo uporabnost. Opazovali smo kako se obnesejo večja sprednja kolesa, kakšna je mobilnost in okretnost vozička v primerjavi z običajnim modelom. Rezultati: S konceptnim invalidskim vozičkom smo želeli udobnost pri vožnji samega ter preprečiti spremembe zdravstvenega stanja uporabnikov, ki nastajajo zaradi vsakodnevne uporabe vozička. Voziček je sestavljen iz aluminijastega ogrodja. Sedež je iz poliuretanske pene ter ima možnost aplikacije dodatnega sistema za nagib sedežne enote naprej za 15 stopinj, kolesa so iz jekla in imajo polne gume. Voziček ima trikolesni okvir, pri čemer sta dve večji kolesi spredaj in eno manjšo kolo zadaj. Konceptni voziček je bil pri testiranju pri nekaterih nalogah boljši od standardnega, pri drugih pa slabši. Razprava in zaključek: Sama ideja razvoja konceptnega invalidskega vozička izhaja iz poslušanja ter opazovanja uporabnikov ter pregleda zdravstvenih težav s katerimi se uporabniki invalidskih vozičkov soočajo. Med samim razvojem in izdelavo vozička smo naleteli na mnoge ovire in težave, ki smo jih skušali rešiti. Pri izdelavi nas je vodila želja po izboljšanju invalidskih vozičkov in s tem izboljšanju življenjskih pogojev uporabnikov invalidskih vozičkov. Težave je povzročilo preširoko področje reševanja problemov

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: invalidski voziček, paraplegija, nagib sedežne enote, vrste invalidskih vozičkov, arhitekturne ovire, zdravstvene težave oseb s paraplegijo, izboljšave invalidskih vozičkov
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110760
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5691755
• Publication date in RUL: 19.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Concept of manual wheelchair for easier overcoming of architectural barriers and with different seating position : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Wheelchair users are in their lives faced with various obstacles. The most important are physical or architectural obstacles. Although researches show positive changes in the urban environment, from which disabled persons benefit, a large proportion of terrain remains difficult to access for people on a wheelchair. Possible complications in wheelchair users, often caused by prolonged sitting, reflect themselves in disorders of gastrointestinal and urinary tract functions, pain, muscle spasms, breathing problems, urological problems and may also lead to pressure ulcers. Aim: The aim of the diploma work is to build a manual wheelchair with which would users better deal their problems related to wheelchair, and to compare it with currently used standard wheelchair. Methods: We wanted to build a wheelchair and then test it. We then observed whether larger front wheels prove more effective, as well as its mobility and agility in comparison to others. Results: The concept of a wheelchair was to improve the comfort of driving the wheelchair itself, both in the area of the user’s health and in overcoming daily obstacles. The wheelchair consists of an aluminium frame, a seat made is of polyurethane foam and has the ability of applying an additional 15 degrees forward inclination system for the seat unit. The wheels are made of steel and have full tires. The wheelchair has three wheels, two large in the front and one small wheel in the back. Testing of a concept wheelchair revealed that it was better in one hand but on the other hand was better standard wheelchair. Discussion and conclusions: The idea of the concept wheelchair stems from listening to and observing users during their daily activities and reviewing the health problems the users face. During the development and construction of the wheelchair there were many obstacles and difficulties which we managed to solve. Entire time there was a desire to further enhance wheelchairs, which would help to improve the living conditions of their users. The problems arose because it was chosen a rather wide range of solutions to problems

• Keywords: wheelchair, paraplegia, seat unit tilt, wheelchair types, architectural obstacles, paraplegia health problems, wheelchair improvements