Uspešnost ekstrakcije kaftarne in cikorne kisline ter sorodnih spojin v poparku ameriškega slamnika (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench)

Jurečič, Jaka (author), Mikulič Petkovšek, Maja (mentor)

Človeštvo kljub velikim napredkom v medicini, vse bolj posega tudi po rastlinskih zdravilih in dodatkih, ki izboljšujejo splošno zdravje telesa. Raziskave potekajo v smeri identifikacije in kvantifikacije zdravilnih sestavin, ki se nahajajo v rastlinah. Ene glavnih učinkovin, ki blagodejno vplivajo na zdravje človeka, so fenolne spojine, ameriški slamnik pa velja za eno s fenolnimi spojinami bogatejših rastlin. Ameriški slamnik velja za zdravilno rastlino zato, ker vsebuje veliko spojin z imunomodulatornim delovanjem - polisaharide, alkamide, lipopolisaharide, lipoproteine in fenolne spojine, med katerimi prevladujeta cikorna in kaftarna kislina. V rastlini najdemo tudi druge fenolne spojine, ki jih uvrščamo v skupine hidroksicimetnih kislin, flavonolov, flavanonov in antocianinov. Polifenoli v rastlini niso razporejeni enakomerno, zato smo se odločili, da preverimo v katerih rastlinskih organih se pojavlja največ polifenolov, prav tako pa tudi v katerem topilu se ti polifenoli najbolj ekstrahirajo. Ugotovili smo, da listi vsebujejo največ polifenolov, sledijo jim cvetovi in nato korenine. Cikorna kislina je enakomerno porazdeljena v vseh organih, najuspešnejše se jo je ekstrahiralo v 40 % etanolu v povprečju 1392,53 mg/100 g, kar je 2,17 krat več kot kaftarne kisline, ki se je v povprečju najbolj ekstrahirala iz listov z vsebnostjo 640,48 mg/100 g. Kaftarna kislina se je zanimivo najbolj ekstrahirala v vodi iz listov v povprečju 3216,85 mg/100 g, 9,5 krat več kot iz cvetov. Za najbolj uspešno topilo se je izkazal 40 % etanol, najslabše pa 100 % etanol. Želeli smo preveriti uspešnost ekstrakcije v vodi, z namenom priprave čajnih poparkov. Ugotovili smo, da s pitjem čaja ne zadostimo človekovih dnevnih potreb po polifenolih, je pa vseeno zelo dober vir zdravilnih učinkovin.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: čaj, ameriški slamnik, Echinacea purpurea, kaftarna kislina, cikorna kislina, polifenoli, ekstrakcija, zdravje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [J. Jurečič]
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110637
• UDC: 582.991.1:547.56:615.32:543.61(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 9300089
• Publication date in RUL: 18.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Extraction efficacy of caftaric and chicoric acid and similar compounds in water infusion of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench)

Abstract

Despite major advances in medicine, the use of herbal medicine is on the rise. Research is moving in the direction of identification and quantification of beneficial plant constituents that have a positive effect on human body. One such group of chemical compounds are plant phenolics. Scientists consider Echinacea purpurea a medicinal plant, because it is abundant in phenolic compounds with chicoric and caftaric acid as the major constituents. Besides these, E. purpurea contains phenolics from the groups of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, flavanones and anthocyanins. Polyphenolics are not distributed equally in plants, the reason of which we aimed to discover which E. purpurea organ contains the highest content of polyphenolics and which solution provides the best extraction effect. According to our findings, leaves of E. purpurea contain the highest content of polyphenolics, followed by flowers and roots. Chicoric acid is accumulated equally among tested E. purpurea organs. The best extraction effect was obtained with 40% ethanol as solution. On average, 1392.53 mg/100 g of chicoric acid was extracted from the entire plant, whereas the most caftaric acid (640,48 mg/100 g) was extracted from leaves. Extraction of caftaric acid was interestingly most successful with water, up to 9.5 times more than from flowers and roots (3216,85 mg/100 g of caftaric acid in leaves). We recommend 40% ethanol as the best extraction solution, contrary to 100% ethanol. Since the aim of this study was effectiveness of polyphenols extraction from E. purpurea in water solution (tea), we concluded that drinking E. purpurea tea does not fulfil recommended daily dietary intakes of polyphenols entirely. However, it still is a great healthy source of tested beneficial constituents

• Keywords: tea, purple coneflower, Echinacea purpurea, caftaric acid, chicoric acid, polyphenols, extraction, health