Vloga prostočasnih aktivnosti pri preprečevanju demence : diplomsko delo

Bajc, Melisa (author), Plemelj Mohorič, Alenka (mentor)

Uvod: Demenca je danes ena od pogostejših vzrokov za invalidnost, institucionalizacijo in umrljivost. Prične se z blagim kognitivnim upadom, ki je klinični prehod med normalnim kognitivnim staranjem in zgodnjo demenco. Med predlaganimi zaščitnimi dejavniki so najbolj proučene prostočasne aktivnosti. Prostočasne aktivnosti so ene od alternativnih metod, ki zavirajo pojav demence. Delovni terapevt lahko uporabi prostočasne aktivnosti kot del obravnave. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je preučiti uporabo prostočasnih aktivnosti kot namenske aktivnosti za ohranjanje kognitivnih funkcij pri osebah s kognitivnih upadom. Zanima nas ali je upoštevan interes osebe pri vključevanju v delovno terapevtsko obravnavo. Metode: V diplomskem delu je bil uporabljen sistematični pregled literature, s pomočjo modela PRISMA. Pri iskanju je bil uporabljen časovni okvir od leta 2009 do leta 2019. Iskanje primernih študij je potekal s ključnimi besedami: blagi kognitivni upad, demenca, prosti čas, preventiva, v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, DiKul, Science Direct, Google Učenjak. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 9 znanstvenih člankov. Rezultati: Intervencijski programi, ki promovirajo vključevanje starejših oseb z blagim kognitivnim upadom v prostočasne aktivnosti so se izkazali učinkoviti pri izboljšanju delovno prostorskega spomina. Ples in glasbena aktivnost sta se izkazali odlični za ohranjanje in izboljšanje sledečih kognitivnih funkcij: orientacija, pozornost, izvršilna funkcija, epizodični spomin. S pomočjo bralne aktivnosti so osebe z MCI imele manj težav pri pomnjenju. Interes je bil upoštevan v samo treh raziskavah. Razprava in zaključek: Terapevtske obravnave, ki vključujejo prostočasne aktivnosti, delujejo dobro na ohranjanje in izboljšanje kognicije. V največji meri učinkuje vključevanje v telesne in kognitivne aktivnosti. Socialne aktivnosti bistveno ne pripomorejo k ohranjanju ali izboljšanju kognitivnih funkcij na dolgi rok. Blagodejno delujejo tudi na počutje, preprečuje depresijo, anksioznost. Še vedno se v zdravstvu premalo uporablja prosti čas kot strategijo obravnave pri osebah z blagim kognitivnim upadom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: delovna terapija, blagi kognitivni upad, demenca, preventiva
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110613
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5687915
• Publication date in RUL: 18.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The role of leisure activities as prevention from dementia : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Dementia is one of the more common causes for disabilities, institutionalization and death. It begins with a mild cognitive decline which is a clinical transition between cognitive aging and early dementia. Out of all precautions, the most researched one is of leisure activities. Leisure activities are an alternative method, that inhibit the development of dementia. Working therapists can use leisure activities as part of the treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study the use of leisure activities as a dedicated activity for the preservation of cognitive functions of people with cognitive decline. We are interested in whether the persons interest in taking part in a working therapeutic treatment is taken into account. Methods: In this thesis, we used a systematic overview of literature using the PRISMA model. The used search time frame was from 2009 to 2019. The search for suitable studies was carried out with the keywords: mild cognitive impairment, dementia, leisure activity, prevention, in databases PubMed, DiKul, Science Direct, Google Učenjak. There were 9 scientific articles included in the final analysis. Results: Interactive programs promoting the inclusion of older people with mild cognitive impairment in leisure activities have proven effective in improving workplace spatial memory. Dancing and musical activities proved to be excellent for preserving and improving the following cognitive functions: orientation, attention, executive function, episodic memory. With the help of reading activity, people with mild cognitive impairment had less problems with remembering. Interest was only taken into account in three of the studies. Discussion and conclusion: Therapeutic treatments involving leisure activities work well to preserve and improve cognition. Inclusion in physical and cognitive activity works to the greatest extent. Social activities do not significantly contribute to maintaining or improving cognitive function in the long run. They also work well on feeling, preventing depression, anxiety. Leisure is still under-used in healthcare as a treatment strategy for people with mild cognitive impairment.

• Keywords: occupational therapy, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, prevention