Pomen spanja za otrokov razvoj : diplomsko delo

Bedenik, Karmen (author), Gričar, Nevenka (mentor)

Uvod: Spanje je pomemben fiziološki proces, katerega pomen še ni povsem pojasnjen, je pa znano, da je osnovnega pomena za zdravo rast in razvoj otroka. Zdravo spanje nam omogoča, da lahko normalno sodelujemo v vsakodnevnih aktivnostih in pripomore k telesnemu in duševnemu zdravju. Namen: Ugotoviti, kakšen pomen ima spanje za otrokov razvoj, ali dobijo otroci zadostno količino spanja, kakšne spalne navade imajo otroci, ali starši pri spanju otrok opažajo težave v senzorični obdelavi dražljajev in kako lahko spanje izboljšamo. Metode dela: Izvedena je bila anketa med starši oz. skrbniki otrok starih do 18 let. Anketni vprašalnik je vseboval vprašanja zaprtega in odprtega tipa. Rezultati: Anketni vprašalnik je popolnoma izpolnilo 67 staršev. V skladu z namenom so rezultati bili razvrščeni na odgovore staršev predšolskih in šolskih otrok. Ugotavljamo, da je količina spanja pri otrocih vključenih staršev nižja od priporočene, vseeno pa ti starši menijo, da njihovi otroci spijo dovolj. Kot vzroke za pomanjkanje spanja so starši (predšolskih in šolskih) otrok navajali upiranje odhodu v posteljo zvečer, neomejena uporaba elektronskih naprav in nočno prebujanje. Ugotovili smo, da ima večina otrok vedno redne ure odhoda v posteljo in jutranjega zbujanja ter ima zvečer pred spanjem rutino. Rezultati so pokazali, da ima po mnenju staršev veliko otrok težave v obdelavi slušnih in proprioceptivnih senzoričnih dražljajev. Razprava in zaključek: Spanje je bistvenega pomena za otrokov razvoj, saj se med spanjem ohranja in utrjuje naš spomin, izboljša koncentracija, spanje vpliva na naše razpoloženje in telesni razvoj. Nezadostna količina spanja otrok lahko povzroča težave v zdravem razvoju in rasti otroka. Da bi lahko trdili, da imajo otroci, pri katerih starši opažajo odstopanja v obdelavi proprioceptivnih in slušnih dražljajev, težave, bi se morali v raziskavi podrobneje posvetiti senzorni integraciji. Za izboljšanje spanja se priporoča, da ima otrok zastavljen čas in rutino pred spanjem, se pred njim sprosti, počuti udobno, ima občutek varnosti in je med spanjem samostojen.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: spanje, otrokov razvoj, delovna terapija, senzorna integracija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110268
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5682283
• Publication date in RUL: 13.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Meaning of sleep for child development : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Sleeping is an important physiological process, whose purpose has not yet been completely determined; however, it is known that sleeping is vital for a child’s healthy growth and development. Healthy sleep enables us to normally undertake every-day activities and contributes to physical and mental health. Purpose: We sought to determine how important sleeping is for a child’s development, whether the children get enough sleep, what sleeping habits they have, if parents notice problems in their children’s sensory processing of stimuli when they are asleep, and how sleeping can be improved. Work methods: With the help of a literature review, we prepared a survey. A pilot study was conducted and the survey was published. Our target group were parents or guardians of children aged under 18. Results: The survey was completed by 67 parents. Under the purpose we broke down the results into two groups based on the answers by parents of children under age of 5 and by parents of children aged between 6 and 12. We determined that children included in this study do not have enough sleep appropriate for their age even thought their parents think there children have enough sleep. Some of the reasons for the lack of sleep in pre-schoolers and pupils is the resistance to go to bed in the evening, unlimited use of electronic devices and waking up during the night. What is more, we also determined that most children have a bedtime schedule and a bedtime routine. The results have shown that, according to the parents, many children face problems in processing hearing and proprioceptive sensory stimuli. Discussion and conclusion: Sleeping is vital for a child’s development as our memory is preserved and consolidated and concentration improves during sleep; moreover, sleeping affects our mood and physical development. Children do not get enough sleep, which may deteriorate their healthy development and growth. However, we ought to have conducted a more detailed study on sensory integration to be able to claim that children, whose parents notice discrepancies in their processing of proprioceptive and hearing stimuli, face problems. To improve sleeping, it is recommended for children to have a set time of when to go to bed and a bedtime routine, to relax and feel comfortable and safe before sleeping and to be independent during sleeping.

• Keywords: sleep, child's development, occupational therapy, sensory integration