Vpliv biološkega pospeševalca rasti rastlin na mineralno prehrano sončnice

Lampe, Miha (author), Vogel Mikuš, Katarina (mentor)

Sončnica spada med kmetijsko in gospodarsko zelo pomembne rastlinske vrste. Za rastline je zadostna mineralna prehranjenost pogoj za uspešno rast in razvoj. Ker se z dodajanjem gnojil lahko povečata tako uspešnost donosa kot tudi rast rastlin, je za kmetijstvo izbira pravega gnojila vitalnega pomena. Ker navadna kemijska gnojila lahko škodujejo okolju, se v zadnjem času velik poudarek daje predvsem naravnim gnojilom, ki imajo poleg mineralne komponente gnojila prisotne tudi tako imenovane biološke pospeševalce, med katerimi so najštevilčnejše mikorizne glive in PGPB (plant growth promoting bacteria), torej bakterije, ki spodbujajo rast in razvoj rastlin. PGPB imajo več mehanizmov delovanja na rastlino, med katerimi so: biološka fiksacija dušika, proizvodnja indolskih spojin, proizvodnja sideroforov, aktivnost ACC deaminaze in raztapljanje fosfatov. Večina PGPB se nahaja v rizosferi, tanki plasti zemlje, ki neposredno obdaja koreninski sistem rastlin. V diplomskem delu smo preučevali vpliv bioloških pospeševalcev na rast in mineralno prehranjenost sončnic (Helianthus annuus L.) s pomočjo zasnovanega eksperimenta. Eksperiment smo zasnovali tako, da smo posadili sončnice s tremi različnimi izpostavitvami. Prva serija je bila kontrola in ta skupina sončnic ni prejela gnojila. Drugi seriji vzorcev smo dodali avtoklavirano organsko gnojilo, pri čemer smo z avtoklaviranjem odstranili vse, kar je v gnojilu predstavljalo živo komponento. Tretja serija vzorcev je dobila nespremenjeno organsko gnojilo. Po enem mesecu rasti smo vzorce stehtali in jih analizirali z metodo rentgensko fluorescenčne spektrometrije. Poleg tega smo na poganjkih določili tudi vsebnost fotosinteznih pigmentov kot merilo stresa. Hipotezo, da bodo sončnice z dodanim gnojilom, ki ima biološke pospeševalce, bolj rasle in bodo imele primernejšo vsebnost mineralnih snovi kot sončnice z dodanim gnojilom brez bioloških pospeševalcev, smo po statistični obdelavi vzorcev ovrgli. Vzorci posameznih izpostavitev so se med seboj razlikovali le po vsebnosti treh elementov. V poganjkih sta se razlikovali koncentracija fosforja in kalija, v koreninah pa bakra. V eksperimentu nismo potrdili pozitivnega vpliva biološkega pospeševalca, ki smo ga v eksperimentu uporabili.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: biološki pospeševalci
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-109966
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12576073
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effects of a biological plant growth promoter on mineral nutrition of a sunflower

Abstract

The sunflower is one of the most economically important plant species. Sufficient mineral nutrition is a prerequisite for successful plant growth and development. Since the addition of fertilizers can increase both yield performance and plant growth, choosing the right fertilizer is vital for agriculture success. Since ordinary chemical fertilizers can be damaging to the environment, a great deal of emphasis has recently been placed on natural biofertilizers, which, in addition to the mineral component of the fertilizer, contain the so-called biological promotors, the most numerous being mycorrhizal fungi and PGPB (Plant growth promoting bacteria), which promote plant growth and development. PGPBs have several mechanisms of interaction with the plant, including: biological nitrogen fixation, production of indole compounds, and production of siderophores, ACC deaminase activity, and phosphate dissolution. Most PGPB bacteria are found in the rhizosphere, this refers to the thin layer of soil that directly surrounds the root system of the plants. In our thesis we studied the influence of these biopromotors on the mineral nutrition of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) by means of a designed experiment. We designed the experiment by planting sunflowers with three different treatments. The first batch was a control and no biofertilizer was given to this group of sunflowers. An autoclaved biofertilizer was added to the second batch of samples, and the organic component of the biofertilizer was removed by autoclaving. The third batch of samples received unchanged biofertilizer. After one month of growth, the samples were weighed and analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. In addition, the content of photosynthetic pigments was determined on shoots as an indicator of sunflower nutrition. The hypothesis that sunflowers with fertilizer with biological accelerators will grow more and have a more optimal value of mineral substances than sunflowers with fertilizer without biological accelerators has been rejected after the statistical treatment of samples. The samples were statistically different in only three items. Phosphorus and potassium concentrations differed in the shoots and copper in the roots. The positive effect of biopromotors on the biofertilizer used in the experiment has not been confirmed.

• Keywords: biopromotors