Ovire in spodbude za fizično aktivnost pri osebah z motnjo v duševnem razvoju : diplomsko delo

Koželnik, Kaja (author), Lebar, Cecilija (mentor)

Uvod: Osebe z motnjo v duševnem razvoju živijo gibalno neaktivno življenje, favorizirajo sedeče aktivnosti in tekom dneva ne dosegajo minimalnih gibalnih zahtev. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je dobiti vpogled v pojavnost fizičnih aktivnosti pri osebah z motnjo v duševnem razvoju, njihove ovire in spodbude za izvajanje aktivnosti ter ugotoviti povezanost navedenih ovir s pogostostjo izvajanja aktivnosti. Metode dela: Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Sestavljen je bil iz demografskih vprašanj, tabele s fizičnimi aktivnostmi, kjer se je njihova pogostost izvajanja ocenjevala s pomočjo skale (vsak dan – nekaj dni na teden – nekaj dni na mesec – nekaj dni na leto – nikoli). Ovire in spodbude so se ocenjevale na prilagojeni 3-stopenjski lestvici. Uporabljen je bil namenski vzorec. Pogoja za udeležbo sta bila, da je oseba z motnjo v duševnem razvoju, ki je varovanec Varstveno delovnega centra Tončke Hočevar in da razume vprašanja. Sodelovalo je 47 oseb, 16 žensk in 31 moških, katerih starost se je gibala od 25 do 69 let. Rezultati: Najpogosteje izvajani aktivnosti sta bili delo (93,6 %) in sedeče aktivnosti (78,7 %). Sledila je hoja, katero 46,8 % udeležencev izvaja vsak dan. Osebe se redkeje udeležujejo nogometa, košarke in namiznega tenisa (76,6 %; 63,8 %; 76,6 % se nikoli ne udeleži teh aktivnosti). Najpogosteje navedena ovira je bilo slabo vreme (76,6 %), sledilo je pomanjkanje energije (53,2 %) in pomanjkanje financ (44,7 %). Spodbude se pokažejo ob prejemu nagrade (97,9 %), kadar osebe uživajo v aktivnosti in posledično zvišujejo samozavest (obe 93,6 %). Spodbuda socializacije se kaže v druženju s prijatelji (89,4 %), spodbudi staršev (87,2 %) in spoznavanju novih ljudi (55,3 %). Ugotovljena je bila povezava med nekaterimi ovirami in pogostostjo izvajanja aktivnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Osebe z motnjo v duševnem razvoju imajo kar nekaj ovir za udejstvovanje v fizičnih aktivnostih, a kljub temu so spodbude zastopane v zelo velikem številu. Tukaj je pomembna promocija gibanja in splošno ozaveščanje oseb o pomenu gibanja, prilagajanje aktivnosti na nivo njihovih spretnosti ter izoblikovanje programov, ki bi odpravljali navedene ovire.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: osebe z motnjo v duševnem razvoju, ovire, spodbude, fizična aktivnost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-109366
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5673323
• Publication date in RUL: 31.08.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Barriers and facilitators to physical activity for persons with intellectual disabilities : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: People with intellectual disabilities are physically less active than other population. Their lives are usually inactive, they prefer sedentary activities and are therefore not reaching the minimal physical norms. Purpose: The aim of this diploma work is to determine the most common activities as well as the most common factors for barriers and facilitators to physical activities among people with intellectual disabilities. Additionally the purpose is to evaluate the relation between these barriers and the frequency of the activities. Methods: The data were obtained using the survey questionnaire. It consisted of demographic related questions as well as questions about barriers and facilitators that were assessed on adjusted 3 – point scale and it contain tables with selected activities and the frequency of performing activities. A dedicated sample was selected. The two criteria for participation were a person from Centre Tončke Hočevar with intellectual disability and understanding the questions. There were 47 participants in the survey questionnaire. 16 of them were female and 31 were male. Their age was between 25 and 69 years. Results: The most common activities are work (93,6 %) and sedentary activities (78,7 %). The next one in walking, daily walk 46,8 % people. Football, basketball and table tennis are very rare attended (76,6 %; 63,8 %; 76,6 % of people never participate in these activities). The most commonly mentioned barrier was bad weather (76,6 %), followed by the lack of energy (53,2 %) and financial issues (44,7 %). Facilitators show up on receiving a prize (97,9 %). From their point of view being active also increases enjoyment and level of self-esteem (both 93,6 %). The importance of socialization is reflected in socializing with friends (89,4 %), encouragement from parents (87,2 %) and meeting new people (55,3 %). There was also a correlation between the some barriers and the frequency of the activity Discussion and conclusion: Even though results show that people with intellectual disabilities state a lot of barriers to physical activities, there is still high amount of facilitators presented. In this area, promotion of the movement and general awareness of the importance of movement, adaptation of activities to the level of their skills, and the development of programs that would eliminate these barriers.

• Keywords: people with intellectual disabilities, barriers, facilitators, physical activity