Vokalna tehnika in glasovna higiena pri bodočih učiteljih razrednega pouka

Rožmanec, Nina (author), Sicherl-Kafol, Barbara (mentor)

Govor in petje igrata pomembno vlogo pri poklicu razrednega učitelja. Namen magistrskega dela je, da bi študenti oz. bodoči učitelji razrednega pouka lahko poleg znanja na področju vokalne tehnike, ki ga usvajajo v času formalnega izobraževanja, svojo usposobljenost na tem področju še dodatno poglobili. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela sta opredeljena osnovna pojma, na katera se magistrsko delo opira – vokalna tehnika in glasovna higiena. V prvem sklopu so opredeljene posamezne prvine vokalne tehnike in strokovni izrazi, ki se na to področje navezujejo oz. se pojavljajo v učnem načrtu za glasbeno umetnost v osnovni šoli. Drugi sklop teoretičnega dela se navezuje na glasovno higieno. Poleg opredelitve glasovne higiene so podana tudi priporočila in ukrepi za njeno zagotavljanje. Osvetljeno je tudi mesto učitelja med poklici, ki za opravljanje dela predvidevajo rabo glasu. V empiričnem delu je na vzorcu treh študentk razrednega pouka Pedagoške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani predstavljena kvalitativna raziskava študije primera. Cilj raziskave je bil preučiti, kako lahko urjenje vokalne tehnike z vajami za pevsko dihanje, ozvočenje, nastavek vokalov, način pevskega izvajanja in dikcije ter širjenje glasovnega obsega pripomore k razvoju pevskih spretnosti, tudi v času zgodnje odraslosti. Delo je temeljilo na avtorsko oblikovanem modelu za razvijanje vokalne tehnike ob upoštevanju prvin glasovne higiene. Vsaka študentka se je udeležila enajstih oz. dvanajstih približno 30 minut trajajočih srečanj. Vsako srečanje je bilo analizirano s pomočjo avtorsko oblikovanega ocenjevalnega protokola in opisne analize. Za vsako študentko sem analizirala rezultate vseh srečanj, ki so pokazala izhodiščno stanje, proces dela in končno stanje. Kvalitativna raziskava, ki sem jo opravila po principu odprtega kodiranja, je pokazala napredek pri vseh petih opazovanih področjih (pevsko dihanje, ozvočenje, nastavek vokalov, način pevskega izvajanja in dikcija ter širjenje glasovnega obsega). Pri pevskem dihanju je bila najbolj vidna sprememba pri obvladanju pravilne tehnike pevskega oz. kosto-abdominalnega vdiha in sami dolžini izdiha. Rezultati pri področju širjenja glasovnega obsega in razvijanju ozvočenja so zaradi spremenljivega zdravstvenega stanja študentk nihali.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: vokalna tehnika
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108879
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12546377
• Publication date in RUL: 20.08.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Vocal technique and vocal hygiene of future primary school teachers

Abstract

Speech and singing play an important role in the work of a primary school teacher. The aim of this master’s thesis is for students and future primary school teachers to further strengthen their skills in the area of vocal technique, in addition to the knowledge they already obtain in this area during their formal education. The theoretical part of the thesis defines two basic terms onto which the thesis is founded – vocal technique and vocal hygiene. The first section defines individual elements of vocal technique and expert terms that pertain to the subject or that appear in the curriculum for primary school music education. The second section of the theoretical part refers to vocal hygiene. Along with defining vocal hygiene, recommendations and steps for its implementation are also specified. Also highlighted is the place of the teacher within the professions that require the use of the voice. The empirical part of the thesis presents the qualitative research of a case study with the example of three students studying primary education at the Faculty of Education of the University of Ljubljana. The goal of the study was to examine how learning vocal technique with exercises for vocal breathing, resonance, vocal formation, vocal articulation and pronunciation, and vocal range can contribute to improved singing skills, even during early adulthood. The work was based on a proprietary model for developing vocal technique while considering the bases of vocal hygiene. Each student took eleven or twelve lessons lasting around 30 minutes and each lesson was analysed with the help of a proprietary evaluation protocol and descriptive analysis. For each student, I analysed the results of all the lessons, which showed the starting situation, the work process, and the final result. The qualitative research that I conducted and based on the principle of open coding showed an improvement in all five monitored areas (vocal breathing, resonance, vocal formation, vocal articulation, and expanding the vocal range). With vocal breathing, the most visible was the change in the mastery of correct singing or diaphragmatic inhalation and the length of the exhalation. Results in expanding the vocal range and developing resonance often varied due to the changing health status of the students.

• Keywords: vocal technique