Prvi ukrepi laikov pri omedlevici : diplomsko delo

Brložnik, Petra (author), Sotler, Robert (mentor), Gogova, Tina (comentor)

Uvod: Omedlevica ali s tujko sinkopa je prehodna izguba zavesti, za katero je značilen hiter začetek, kratko trajanje in spontano okrevanje. Poznamo več tipov omedlevice, ki se delijo glede na vzrok nastanka (refleksno, ortostatsko in kardiovaskularno). Ljudje, ki omedlijo, po tem hitro pridobijo zavest, vendar so za varnost zelo pomembni prvi ukrepi pomoči ob tem pojavu. Prvi ukrepi pri vseh vrstah omedlevice so enostavni, za pomoč omedleli osebi ni potrebno visoko strokovno znanje, pomagajo lahko tudi laiki, vendar morajo ohraniti mirno glavo. Namen: Raziskati želimo, katera populacija je za omedlevico dovzetnejša in opisati prve ukrepe laikov pri pojavu omedlevice. Metode dela: Pri izdelavi diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Pri iskanju literature smo uporabili časovni okvir v letih od 2010 do 2019. Literaturo smo iskali v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku preko podatkovnih baz Medline, CINAHL, Web of science s pomočjo iskalnikov Pubmed in EBSCOhost. Iskanje virov je potekalo po ključnih besedah v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Ključne besede so bile omedlevica, sinkopa, prva pomoč, nujna pomoč in laik. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 12 člankov. Rezultati: Na podlagi pregleda literature smo ugotovili, da spol ne vpliva na pojavnost omedlevice, medtem ko ima starost velik vpliv na ta pojav. Razprava in zaključek: Prvi ukrepi pri omedlevici so praktično zelo preprosti in lahko izvedljivi za vsakega. Večjih razlik med ukrepi, ki jih podajajo različni avtorji, ni. Pomembno je, da očividec omedlevico prepozna in se ne prestraši zaradi nastale situacije. S pregledovanjem različnih virov smo ugotovili, da lahko omedlevica prizadene vsakogar, ne glede na starost, spol, kraj dogodka ali čas, so pa starejši ljudje bolj dovzetni zanjo. V tempu današnjega časa pojav omedlevice ni nekakšno nevsakdanje presenečenje, zato je ozaveščanje ljudi še toliko pomembnejše. Marsikomu bo znanje, opisano preko raziskovalnih vprašanj in ciljev, koristilo v vsakodnevnem življenju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: omedlevica, sinkopa, prva pomoč, nujna pomoč, laik
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108657
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5653611
• Publication date in RUL: 11.07.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: First measures of laymen in cases of fainting : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Fainting or syncope is a transient loss of consciousness, characterized by fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery. There are several types of fainting, which are divided according to the cause, i.e. reflex, orthostatic, and cardiovascular. People who faint quickly regain consciousness, but the first steps when helping with this phenomenon are very important for safety. The first steps in all kinds of fainting are simple, no need for expertise, even lay people can help, they just neet to remain calm. Purpose: We want to examine which population is more susceptible to fainting and to describe the first steps of aid of the laypeople in the occurrence of fainting. Methods of work: The descriptive method of work was used in the preparation of the diploma thesis. When searching the applicable literature, we used a time frame from 2010 to 2019. The search of literature was conducted in Slovene and English language via databases Medline, CINAHL, and Web of science with the help of search engines Pubmed and EBSCOhost. When searching the appropriate literature, we used keywords in Slovene and English. Keywords were fainting, syncope, first aid, emergency aid, and layman. Twelve articles were included in the final analysis. Results: Based on a literature review, we have found that gender does not affect the incidence of fainting, while age has a large impact. Discussion and conclusion: The first steps of aid in fainting are very simple and easily feasible. There are no major differences between the measures provided by different authors. It is important that the eyewitness recognizes fainting and is not afraid of the situation. By reviewing the different results of the analyses, we found that fainting can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender, place and time, yet older people are more susceptible to fainting. Nowadays, the phenomenon of fainting is not an unexpected surprise, therefore the awareness of people is even more important. The know-how described through research questions and objectives shall come in handy to many in everyday life.

• Keywords: fainting, syncope, first aid, emergency aid, layman