Povezanost vrednot s tveganimi vedenji pri mladostnikih na Goriškem : magistrsko delo

Tratnik, Monika (author), Kvas, Andreja (mentor), Jeriček Klanšček, Helena (comentor)

Uvod: Mladostništvo je obdobje, v katerem so mladostniki iskalci novih izkušenj. Prav te so lahko pozitivne, v določenih primerih pa lahko vodijo v tvegana vedenja. Je tudi obdobje oblikovanja vrednotnega sistema, na podlagi katerega mladostnik zgradi svojo identiteto. Z zdravstvenovzgojnimi delavnicami lahko na njihove odločitve in znanje le deloma vplivamo. Zavedati se moramo, da delo z mladostniki zajema celostni pristop. Namen: Namen magistrskega dela je oceniti pojavnost tveganih vedenj med mladostniki, kot so pitje alkoholnih pijač, kajenje tobaka ter kajenje marihuane, v povezavi z vrednotami. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti, ali so vrednote, ki se oblikujejo pri posamezniku oz. mladostniku povezane s pojavljanjem tveganjih vedenj ter ugotoviti samo razširjenost tveganih vedenj pri mladostnikih. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom in kritično analizo domače ter tuje strokovne in znanstvene literature. Pregledana in analizirana je bila znanstvena in strokovna literatura, iskana v podatkovnih bazah: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane in Kooperativnega online biografskega servisa COBISS.SI. Iskanje literature je potekalo od junija 2017 do maja 2019. Strategija raziskovalnega dela je bila presečna študija. Kot instrument je bil uporabljen vprašalnik iz raziskave Health behaviour in school-aged children study – Z zdravjem povezana vedenja v šolskem obdobju med mladostniki v Sloveniji, lestvica vrednot pa je vzeta po raziskavi Mladina 2000.V raziskavi raziskovalno populacijo predstavljajo dijaki 3. letnikov različnih smeri srednjih šol na Goriškem. Ustrezno izpolnjenih anket, ki smo jih uporabili v raziskavi, je 419. Za statistično analizo podatkov smo uporabili statistični program SPSS 23.0. Kvantitativno zbrani podatki so predstavljeni s frekvenčno/univariantno statistiko in podrobneje analizirani z bivariantnimi statističnimi metodami in sicer s Hi-kvadrat, ANOVA oz. analiza variance ter T-test za neodvisne vzorce. Za grafično predstavitev podatkov smo uporabili stolpčne grafikone v programu Excel. Rezultati: Vrednota zdravje in resnično prijateljstvo sta najvišje rangirani za posameznika. Rezultati so pokazali, da 8,6 % dijakov kadi vsak dan. 12,9 % dijakov je bilo pijanih več kot desetkrat. Pri starosti 16 let in več je 20 % dijakov prvič poskusilo konopljo. Statistično značilne razlike so se pojavile med dijaki različnih srednjih šol glede na pogostost kajenja (?2 = 14,537; p = 0,024) in pitja alkoholnih pijač (?2 = 16,951; p = 0,031). Prav tako smo dobili statistično značilne razlike v ocenjevanju pomembnosti vrednot. Dijaki gimnazije vrednote mir v svetu brez vojnih konfliktov, vzdrževanje tradicionalnih vrednot, biti avtoriteta, voditelj in imeti moč nad drugimi ocenjujejo statistično značilno nižje, kot dijaki poklicnih in srednjih strokovnih šol. Vrednoto živeti v miru, sam s seboj pa so dijaki gimnazije ocenili statistično značilno višje v primerjavi z dijaki poklicnih in srednjih strokovnih šol. Razprava in zaključek: Raziskava je pokazala, da se med mladimi pojavljajo tvegana vedenja, kljub temu, da je vrednota zdravje ena izmed najpomembnejših vrednot zanje. Medicinska sestra lahko s sistematično zdravstveno vzgojo spodbuja mladostnika k odgovornemu odnosu do lastnega zdravja in ravnanja v družbi brez uporabe psihoaktivnih snovi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: mladostništvo, vrednote, tvegano vedenje, zdravstvena vzgoja, medicinska sestra
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108552
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5652075
• Publication date in RUL: 06.07.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Correlation between values and risky behaviours among young people in the Gorica region : master thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescence is the time of seeking new experience, which can be beneficial as well as detrimental and can result in risky behaviours. Teenage years are also the time when adolescents build their own value system and their own identity. Health-related workshops can only partially help adolescents take the right decisions. Also, it has to be stressed that work with the young requires a holistic approach. Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to assess the occurrence of risky behaviours such as alcohol consumption, tobacco, and marihuana smoking in connection to values among young adults. The aim of the research is to find out if one's values are related to risky behaviours as well as to what extent these behaviours are present among adolescents. Methods: Theoretical part is based on a descriptive method with the overview and critical analysis of home as well as foreign academic and scientific literature that can be found in databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, and Cooperative online biographical service COBISS.SI. Literature overview took place from June 2017 to May 2019. The strategy of the research work was a cross-sectional study. The instrument used in the research was a questionnaire which was from the research Health behaviour in school-aged children study – Health-related behaviours in school period among adolescents in Slovenia; values scale was taken from the research Mladina 2000. The study population consisted of 3rd-year secondary school pupils of different programmes in the Goriška region. Properly filled in questionnaires amounted to 419. For the statistical analysis of the data, the statistical programme SPSS 23.0 was used. Quantitatively gathered data are presented with frequency /univariate statistics and analysed more into detail with bivariate statistical methods such as chi-square, ANOVA or analysis of variance and T-test for Independent Samples. To graphically present the data for column charts we made use of the Excel programme. Results: Values 'health and true friendship' are top most values ranked by individual adolescents. The results show that 8,6 % of the pupils smoke on a daily basis. 12,9 % of the pupils have been drunk more than ten times. Aged 16 and more 20 % of the pupils tried marihuana. Statistically significant differences can be seen among pupils of different secondary school programmes in the occurrence of smoking (?2 = 14.537; p = 0.024) and alcohol consumption (?2 = 16.951; p = 0.031). Statistically significant differences are also present when assessing the importance of different values. Pupils of upper secondary schools assess values 'world peace without conflicts', 'safeguarding traditional values', 'being authority, leader and having power over the others' statistically lower than pupils of vocational and technical programmes. Statistically significant differences are also with the value 'to live in peace with yourself' in favour of upper secondary school pupils over vocational and comprehensive school pupils. Discussion and conclusion: The research has shown the occurrence of risky behaviours among adolescents despite the fact that ‘health’ is taking the top position on the values scale. Planned and systematic health education conducted by nurses can help boost young people's potentials and thus contribute to their overall development.

• Keywords: adolescence, values, risky behaviour, health education, nurse