Znanje laikov o uporabi EpiPena® pri pojavu alergijske reakcije : diplomsko delo

Glas, Grega Martin (author), Sotler, Robert (mentor), Slabe, Damjan (comentor)

Uvod: Anafilaksija je najtežja oblika alergijske reakcije in je lahko življenjsko nevarna. V Sloveniji je letno obravnavanih povprečno 187 primerov anafilaksije. Pri obravnavi anafilaksije pri znanih pacienth ima ključni pomen hitra aplikacija adrenalinskega avtoinjektorja, ki naj bi ga imel vsak pacient pri sebi. Adrenalin deluje hitro in učinkovito ter pripomore k zmanjšanju smrtnosti zaradi pojava anafilaktične reakcije. Namen: Namen je bil ugotoviti, kakšno je znanje laikov o prepoznavanju alergenov, znakov in simptomov anafilaksije, ukrepih prve pomoči pri pojavu anafilaksije in uporabi avtoinjektorja EpiPen®. Metode dela: Za teoretični del raziskave smo iskali literaturo s podatkovnimi bazami Medline in CHINAL ter iskalnikoma med podatkovnimi bazami DiKUL in Science direct. Pri iskanju smo si pomagali z naslednjimi ključnimi besedami: prva pomoč (angl. first aid), anafilaksija (angl. anaphylaxis), epipen, adrenalin (angl. epinephrine), alergija na hrano (angl. food allergies). Na osnovi pregledane literature smo v spletnem portalu »1ka« oblikovali spletni vprašalnik z 18 imi vprašanji zaprtega, odprtega in kombiniranega tipa. Prošnjo za sodelovanje pri raziskavi in hiperpovezavo do mesta ankete smo potencialnim kandidatom posredovali po družbenih omrežjih in elektronski pošti. Anketiranje je potekalo v aprilu 2019, sodelovanje je bilo prostovoljno in anonimno. Rezultati: Vprašalnik je v celoti izpolnilo 184 laikov. Glede na odgovore na vprašanja lahko sklepamo, da bi 80 % anketiranih prepoznalo oteženo dihanje kot znak anafilaksije. 89 % bi ob pojavu anafilaksije apliciralo EpiPen® in klicalo številko 112. 78 % anketiranih se zaveda pomena hitre aplikacije zdravila z avtoinjektorjem in 65 % bi izvedlo aplikacijo v stegno, ob tem pa bi 43 % držalo konico avtoinjektorja na koži deset sekund. Razprava in zaključek: Na podlagi rezultatov smo ugotovili, da ima večina anketirancev dobro znanje o prepoznavi znakov in simptomov anafilaksije in bi se večina opredelila za uporabo avtoinjektorja, ki je najpomembnejši ukrep prve pomoči. Vendar je samo znanje o uporabi avtoinjektorja pomanjkljivo in glede na to, da je v večini primerov pri pojavu anafilaksije pravilna aplikacija nujna, je smiselno, da se laiki naučijo, kako pravilno ravnati z avtoinjektorjem. Potrebno je dati več poudarka laičnim usposabljanjem iz prve pomoči o pomenu hitrega ukrepanja ob pojavu anafilaksije in o uporabi avtoinjektorja. Še posebej je to pomembno za svojce in druge bližnje pacientov z alergijo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: avtoinjektor, prva pomoč, adrenalin, ukrepi, alergijske bolezni
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108515
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5651563
• Publication date in RUL: 05.07.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Knowledge of using an EpiPen® when treating allergic reaction among lay people : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is the most life-threatening form of allergic reactions. Approximately 187 people are treated for anaphylaxis on a yearly basis in Slovenia. When dealing with anaphylaxis which occurs to a known patient the key is a quick application of adrenalin autoinjectors. Every known patient should have one with him at all times. Adrenalin acts quickly and effectively against anaphylaxis symptoms and it has a crucial role in preventing the worst outcome, death. Purpose: Purpose of the study was to evaluate the theoretical knowledge of lay people at administering first aid when dealing with anaphylaxis and the use of adrenalin autoinjector EpiPen®. Methods: For the theoretical part of the study we look for literature with the help of search engines Medline and CHINAL and databases DiKUL and Science direct. We used keywords like first aid, anaphylaxis, epinephrine and food allergies. Based on the found literature we used »1ka« to create an internal survey with 18 questions. The survey was then shared through social media sites and electronic mails to potential volunteers. We gathered the information through April 2019. The participation was done voluntarily and anonymously. Results: In total 184 lay people responded to the survey. 80 % of the respondents would recognize heavy breathing as a sign of anaphylaxis. 89 % of the respondents would use the EpiPen® autoinjector and call the number 112. 78 % respondents know the importance of quick administration of autoinjector, 65 % would choose the thigh as the place for administration and 43 % would hold the tip of the autoinjector in contact with the skin for 10 seconds. Discussion and conclusion: With the survey, we came to the conclusion that the knowledge of anaphylaxis is deficient. Based on the survey most of the respondents correctly recognized the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and choose the right first aid action the use of the autoinjector. But based on the following questions which were focused on the use of the autoinjector the knowledge was insufficient. Given that the correct use of the autoinjector is a necessity when dealing with anaphylaxis there should be more emphasis on teaching the correct use of the autoinjector when teaching first aid. Key to treating anaphylaxis is a quick and correct use of the autoinjector, this is very important especially for the families and close ones of those who suffer from anaphylaxis.

• Keywords: autoinjector, first aid, adrenalin, actions, allergic diseases