Sindrom nenadne nepričakovane smrti dojenčka : diplomsko delo

Bric, Kristina (author), Bizjak, Martina (mentor)

Uvod: Sindrom nenadne nepričakovane smrti dojenčka je definiran kot nenadna nepričakovana smrt dojenčka do starosti enega leta. Tovrstne smrti ne moremo pripisati določenemu vzroku smrti. V preteklosti je bila pojavnost tega sindroma večja, z enostavnimi ukrepi pa se je zmanjšala. Najbolj učinkovit ukrep za preprečevanje tega sindroma je spanje dojenčka na hrbtu. Dejanski razlog za pojav tega sindroma pa še dandanes ni znan. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je podrobno predstaviti sindrom, predstaviti dejavnike tveganja in preprečevanja, predstaviti žalovanje ob izgubi otroka, prvo pomoč, forenzično preiskavo, izpostaviti problematiko pomanjkanja znanja na temo nenadne nepričakovane smrti dojenčka; tako s strani zdravstvenih delavcev kot tudi laične populacije. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela; pregled aktualne literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Zbiranje literature je potekalo od novembra 2016 do oktobra 2018. Literatura je bila iskana v naslednih podatkovnih bazah: CINAHL, Medline (Pub Med) in v bazi COBIB.SI. Rezultati: V preučenih raziskavah so bili primarni vzroki smrti sledeči: deljenje postelje z materjo, predmeti v bližini dojenčka med spanjem, lokacija spanja in položaj spanja dojenčka. Lastnosti matere so pomemben dejavnik tveganja za pojav sindroma, kajenje npr. močno vpliva na pojavnost sindroma. Pomembno k preprečevanju pojavnosti sindroma prispeva tudi znanje zdravstvenih delavcev na temo sindroma. Razprava in sklep: Sindrom predstavlja nenadno nepričakovano smrt navidezno zdravega dojenčka, mlajšega od enega leta. Kljub preiskavi vzroka smrti, podrobni anamnezi, pregledu zdravstvene kartoteke in obdukciji, ostaja vzrok smrti neznan. Z ustreznim ravnanjem in ukrepi lahko preprečimo pojav nenadne nepričakovane smrti dojenčka. Kljub zloglasnemu programu »Back to sleep« pa sindrom ostaja vodilni razlog smrti dojenčkov v ZDA.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sindrom, dejavniki tveganja, preprečevanje, prva pomoč, žalovanje, spalno okolje, forenzična preiskava
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108492
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5650539
• Publication date in RUL: 04.07.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Sudden infant death syndrome : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Sudden infant death syndrome is defined as unexpected death of an infant up to one year of age. We cannot determine a specific cause of this kind of death. In the past, the incidence of the syndrome was higher, but it was reduced by implementing some simple measures. The most efficient measure for preventing sudden infant death syndrome is putting a child on their back to sleep. However, the actual cause of the syndrome is not known to this day. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to present in detail the sudden infant death syndrome, the risk factors and preventive measures, to present grieving at a loss of a child, first aid and forensic investigation. Its purpose is also to point out the issue of lack of knowledge from the field of sudden infant death syndrome among the healthcare workers and nonprofessional population. Methods: Descriptive method was used for this thesis: researching current literature in Slovene and English. Collecting the literature took place from November 2016 to October 2018. The following databases were used for searching: CINAHL, Medline (Pub Med) and COBIB.SI. Results: The studied researches showed the following as the primary causes of the death: sharing bed with the mother, objects close to the infant at the time of sleeping, location during sleeping and the sleeping position of the infant. The characteristics of the mother are a significant risk factor for the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome, smoking for instant can have a significant influence. Discussion and conclusion: Sudden infant death syndrome is a sudden unexpected death of a seemingly healthy infant up to one year of age. The cause of death remains unknown although there is an investigation of the cause of death, a detailed medical history is available, the medical record is inspected carefully and in spite of an autopsy. We can prevent the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome with appropriate actions and measures. In spite of the infamous »Back to sleep program« sudden infant death syndrome remains the leading cause of infant mortality in the USA.

• Keywords: sudden infant death syndrome, risk factors, prevention, first aid, grieving, sleeping environment, forensic investigation