Vloga nedržavnih oboroženih skupin pri ustvarjanju pravil mednarodnega humanitarnega prava v nemednarodnih oboroženih spopadih

Jerman, Maja (author), Sancin, Vasilka (mentor)

Po tradicionalni teoriji o mednarodnopravnih virih imajo države primarno vlogo pri ustvarjanju mednarodnega prava. Dejansko stanje v mednarodni skupnosti pa nakazuje na potrebo po novih pristopih, ki bodo upoštevali tudi ostale nedržavne akterje in jim podelili vlogo pri ustvarjanju mednarodnega prava. Teza tega magistrskega diplomskega dela je, da obstaja nujna potreba in dejanska možnost vključitve nedržavnih oboroženih skupin v postopke ustvarjanja norm mednarodnega humanitarnega prava v nemednarodnih oboroženih spopadih. V prvem delu naloge je predstavljena teoretična možnost odmika od tradicionalne teorije, ki državam podeljuje primarno in izključno vlogo pri ustvarjanju mednarodnega prava. Kategorija nedržavnih akterjev je obširna in raznolika, zato ni mogoče za vse uporabiti enovitega pristopa. V nadaljevanju je tako obravnavana kategorizacija različnih vrst nedržavnih akterjev, saj je razlikovanje znotraj same skupine potrebno zaradi prilagoditve vloge pri ustvarjanju mednarodnopravnih norm. Predstavljeni so različni pristopi priznavanja vloge pri ustvarjanju mednarodnega prava, od popolnoma izključujočih, ki omenjeno vlogo priznavajo izključno državam, do pristopov, ki vključujejo tudi ostale subjekte mednarodnega prava. Danes je večina oboroženih spopadov nemednarodnih, dejstva, da imajo oborožene skupine vedno pomembnejšo vlogo, pa ni več mogoče spregledati. V drugem delu naloga konkretno obravnavana potrebo ter dejansko možnost vključitve nedržavnih oboroženih skupin v ustvarjanje norm mednarodnega humanitarnega prava v nemednarodnih oboroženih spopadih ter s tem povezane prednosti in izzive. Na koncu pa so predstavljene še konkretne možnosti vključitve oboroženih skupin k ustvarjanju mednarodnopravnih norm s priznanjem enostranskih aktov, izdanih s strani oboroženih skupin, sklepanjem bilateralnih sporazumov ter pristopom k večstranskim mednarodnim pogodbam ter upoštevanjem ravnanja nedržavnih oboroženih skupin pri nastajanju mednarodnega običajnega prava.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: viri mednarodnega prava, mednarodno humanitarno pravo, nedržavni akterji, oborožene skupine, nemednarodni oboroženi spopadi
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108300
• COBISS.SI-ID: 16857425
• Publication date in RUL: 28.06.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The role of non-state armed groups in creating rules of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts

Abstract

According to the traditional theory of international law, states play a primary role in the creation of international law. The factual situation in the international community points to the need for new approaches that will take into account other non-state actors and give them a role in the creation of international law. The core thesis of this master thesis is that there is an urgent need and a real possibility of involving non-state armed groups in the procedures of creating norms of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts. The first part of the paper presents the theoretical possibility of a departure from the traditional theory, which gives countries the primary and exclusive role in the creation of international law. The category of non-state actors is extensive and diverse, and therefore, it is not possible to apply a uniform approach for all. The categorization of different types of non-state actors is being addressed below, since the distinction within the group itself is necessary in order to adapt the role in the creation of international legal norms. Different approaches to the recognition of the role in the creation of international law have been presented, from completely excluding approaches, that recognize this role exclusively to the states, to approaches that include other subjects of international law. Today, most of the armed conflicts are non-international, therefore the fact of the increasingly important role of armed groups can no longer be overlooked. In the second part of the thesis the specific need and the actual possibility of involving non-state armed groups in the creation of norms of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts is being discussed, as well as the related advantages and challenges. Finally, the concrete possibilities of involving armed groups in the creation of international norms are presented, by recognizing unilateral acts issued by armed groups, concluding bilateral agreements and accession to multilateral international treaties and consideration of the conduct of non-state armed groups in the creation of customary international law.

• Keywords: sources of international law, international humanitarian law, non-state actors, armed groups, non-international armed conflicts