Razumevanje pomena higiene rok - vidik pacientov : magistrsko delo

Haskić, Đulsina (author), Lejko-Zupanc, Tatjana (mentor)

Uvod: Okužbe, povezane z zdravstvom, predstavljajo javnozdravstveni problem, ogrožajo paciente in povzročajo finančno breme. Najenostavnejši ukrep za preprečevanje širjenja okužb je higiena rok. Večina aktivnosti je usmerjena v higieno rok zdravstvenih delavcev. Številne raziskave so potrdile pomen higiene rok zdravstvenih delavcev pri prenosu okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom. Raziskave, ki vključujejo higieno rok pacientov kot ukrep za preprečevanje okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom, so se pojavile v zadnjih letih. Vloga higiene rok pacientov pri prenosu okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom, še ni v celoti raziskana in opisana. Namen: Namen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati odnos pacientov do pomena higiene rok ter pridobiti podatke o tem, ali zdravstveni delavci spodbujajo higieno rok pacientov. Prav tako smo želeli preveriti, ali so pacienti pripravljeni opozoriti zdravstvene delavce na higieno rok. Metode dela: Na začetku raziskave smo najprej pregledali domačo in tujo literaturo, ki obravnava higieno rok pacientov. Pregled literature smo izvedli z uporabo različnih podatkovnih baz. V empiričnem delu smo izvedli kvantitativno raziskavo, v katero smo vključili bolnike, hospitalizirane na različnih oddelkih splošne bolnišnice. Podatke smo zbirali s pomočjo vprašalnika, ki je bil razvit posebej za ta namen. Vprašalnik je bil sestavljen iz treh delov (demografski podatki, ocena pomena higiene rok in higiena rok v času hospitalizacije). Rezultate smo analizirali z uporabo programa SPSS. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 250 pacientov. Pacienti so ocenili pomen higiene rok zdravstvenih delavcev in pacientov pri prenosu okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom. Higieno rok zdravstvenih delavcev pri prenosu okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom, je 94,4 % pacientov ocenilo kot zelo pomembno. Higieno rok pacientov pri prenosu okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom, je 88 % pacientov ocenilo kot zelo pomembno. Stopnja izobrazbe ni vplivala na zavedanje o pomenu higiene rok pacientov pri prenosu okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom. Zdravstveni delavci pomagajo pacientom pri higieni rok, kar je potrdilo 94,4 % pacientov. 94 % pacientov je potrdilo, da so imeli pripomočke za higieno rok v neposredni bližini. Pacienti so ocenili v največjem deležu kot zelo pomembne trenutke za higieno rok pri prenosu okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom: kadar so roke vidno umazane, po uporabi sanitarij in pred dializo ali stikom z I.V.-sistemom. Večina pacientov ni nikoli opozorila zdravstvenih delavcev na higieno rok, vendar jih je 61,2 % pripravljenih to storiti. Za izboljšanje higiene rok je 18,8 % pacientov predlagalo izobraževanje, promocijo in opozarjanje pacientov na pomen higiene rok. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da pacienti ocenjujejo, da je higiena rok zdravstvenih delavcev bolj pomembna pri prenosu okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom, kot higiena rok pacientov. Večina pacientov je, predvsem zaradi lastne varnosti in v primeru, če zdravstveni delavec ne izvaja higiene rok, pripravljena zdravstvene delavce opozoriti na higieno rok. Rezultati raziskave so podobni rezultatom tujih raziskav. Raziskava je pokazala, da pacienti razumejo pomen higiene rok v procesu preprečevanja okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom. Aktivnosti na področju izboljšanja higiene rok morajo poleg zdravstvenih delavcev zajemati tudi paciente. Pri tem je smiselno vpeljati koncept trenutkov za higieno rok pacientov in ga promovirati med pacienti in zdravstvenimi delavci. Paciente je treba opolnomočiti in jih aktivno vključiti v proces preprečevanja širjenja okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: higiena rok pacientov, pomen higiene rok pacientov, okužbe, povezane z zdravstvom, preprečevanje okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom, vloga pacientov pri preprečevanju okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108032
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5637483
• Publication date in RUL: 12.06.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Understanding the importance of hand hygiene - the patients' perspective : master thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) represent a public health problem, endanger patients, and create a financial burden. The simplest measure to prevent the spread of infections is hand hygiene. Most activities are focused on the hygiene of health care workers. Numerous studies have confirmed the importance of hygiene for health professionals in preventing the transmission of HAI which has emerged in recent years. The role of patient hand hygiene in preventing the transmission of HAI has not yet been fully explored and described. Purpose: The purpose of the master's thesis was to investigate the patient's attitude to the importance of hand hygiene and to obtain information on whether health professionals promote patient hygiene. We also wanted to check whether patients are prepared to alert health workers to hygiene. Methods of analysis: At the beginning of the research, we first reviewed domestic and foreign literature in the field of patient hygiene. The literature search was carried out using various databases. In the empirical part, we carried out a quantitative survey. We included patients hospitalized in various departments of a general hospital. We collected data using a questionnaire developed specifically for this purpose. The questionnaire was composed of three parts (demographic data, assessment of the importance of hand hygiene, and hand hygiene during hospitalization). The results were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: Two hundred and fifty patients hospitalized in various departments of the general hospital were included. Patients evaluated the importance of hygiene for health professionals and patients in the prevention of the transmission of HAI. 94.4 % of patients considered the health professionals’ hand hygiene in the transmission of HAI as very important. 88% of patients considered the patients’ hand hygiene in the transmission of HAI as very important. The level of education did not affect the awareness of the significance of patients' hand hygiene in the transmission of HAI. 94.4 % of patients confirmed that health professionals help patients with hand hygiene. 94 % of patients confirmed that they had hand hygiene equipment in the immediate vicinity. Patients are considered the most important assessing moments for hand hygiene in the transmission of HAI: when visibly dirty after using the toilet and before dialysis or contact with IV lines. Most patients never warned health professionals about hygiene. However, 61.2 % of them are ready to do so. To improve patients’ hand hygiene, 18.8% of patients recommend the education and promotion and alerting patients of the importance of hand hygiene. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the study have shown that patients consider hand hygiene of health-care workers as more important in preventing HAI than the hand hygiene of patients. Most of the patients are prepared to alert health professionals to hand hygiene, mainly for their own safety and in the event of non-compliance with hand hygiene. The results of the research are similar to those of other authors. The study showed that patients understand the importance of hand hygiene in the process of preventing HAI. In the area of improving hand hygiene, activities must include patients in addition to health professionals. It makes sense to introduce moments for hand hygiene for patients and to promote them among patients and health professionals. Patients need to be empowered and actively involved in the process of preventing the spread of health-related infections.

• Keywords: hand hygiene, importance of patients' hand hygiene, health-related infections, prevention of health-related infections, the role of patients in the prevention of health-related infections