Kokošje volitve - izkušnja demokratičnega odločanja v vrtcu : diplomsko delo

Petelin, Anja (author), Turnšek, Nada (mentor)

Novejše teorije o otroku in otroštvu ter kurikularna prenova predšolske vzgoje poudarjajo otrokove pravice, zlasti pravico do participacije. Vsi otroci, ne glede na starost, so zmožni izražati svoje poglede, zato morajo odrasli zagotoviti priložnosti za svobodno izražanje mnenj otrok, ki si tega želijo, in jih k temu spodbujati. Raziskave stališč slovenskih vzgojiteljic sicer kažejo naklonjenost participaciji otrok in k otroku usmerjeni filozofiji, a obstaja med deklarativnim in dejanskim stanjem razkorak.Participacija je hkrati pravica in pogoj demokratičnih političnih ureditev. Da pa posamezniki to pravico uveljavljajo, morajo čutiti, da je njihov glas slišan. Tako naravnanost lahko in moramo prenesti tudi v predšolske institucije. Otroci aktivni in odgovorni državljani namreč ne bodo postali brez prakse razvijanja zmožnosti za zaznavanje problemov in njihovo reševanje. Vzgoje za aktivno državljanstvo ne smemo razumeti kot pripravo otrok na odraslost ali jih zgolj seznanjati s strategijami demokratičnega odločanja, temveč moramo aktivno državljanstvo vsakodnevno uresničevati. Hart (1992) kot smiselne za razvoj demokracije pri otrocih izpostavi skupne projekte odraslih in otrok. Zanje je ključna motivacija, saj lahko otroci načrtujejo in izvajajo kompleksne projekte, če čutijo, da jih sooblikujejo in imajo nanje vpliv. Občutki kompetentnosti ob uspešno izpeljanih projektih, za katere so bili otroci notranje motivirani, pozitivno povzročijo (ponovno) motivacijo za aktivno delovanje. V diplomskem delu je predstavljen projekt Kokošje volitve, ki temelji na participaciji in demokratičnem odločanju. Z načrtovanjem dejavnosti smo želeli pripraviti okolje, v katerem imajo otroci možnost izražati svoja mnenja in zamisli, hkrati pa predstaviti volitve kot enega izmed mehanizmov demokratičnega odločanja. S sprotnimi evalvacijami smo preverjali uspešnost posameznih dejavnosti in strategij, jih prilagajali, spreminjali in izboljševali. Diplomsko delo lahko pripomore k boljšemu razumevanju pomena participacije in služi kot prikaz uspešnega prenosa teoretičnih spoznanj v prakso, saj raziskave kažejo, da lahko stopnjo participacije v slovenskih vrtcih dvignemo, oz. razširimo vpliv, ki ga imajo otroci na družbeno okolje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: vrtci, participacija otrok, otrokove pravice, državljanstvo, Bela knjiga o vzgoji in izobraževanju, projektno delo
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [A. Petelin]
• Year: 2019
• Number of pages: 38 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107809
• UDC: 373.2(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12428617
• Publication date in RUL: 17.06.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Chicken elections - experience of democratic decision-making in preschool

Abstract

The newest theories about child and childhood as well as the revision of preschool education curriculum emphasize the rights of a child, in particular the right to participation. All children regardless of their age are capable to express their views, which is why the adults must provide opportunities for freedom of expression for those children who wish to do so and to further encourage them. Research of the views of the teachers, shows favor towards children participation however there is a rift between declarative and actual state. Participation is one of the conditions for democracy. To make it affective it is important that people feel supported by the society. To carry out its right to participation, the individuals must feel that they are heard by the society and by political structure. It is then possible and imperative to carry over this direction to institutions devoted to preschool children. The children will not become active and responsible citizens without practice and the possibility to develop abilities to perceive problems and solving them. Active citizenship education must not be understood in a sense of preparing children for adulthood or merely as a form of acquainting them with strategies of democratic decision-making, as active citizenship must be exercised daily. Hart (1992) emphasizes joint projects for adults and children as sensible method to develop sense of democracy in children. The thesis presents project Chicken elections that is based on participation and democratic decision-making. By planning activities, we wanted to form an environment in which the children have the possibility to express their opinion and ideas, while at the same time present to them the concept of elections as one of the instruments of democratic decision-making. With simultaneous evaluation, we have been verifying the success of individual activities and strategies, while it also allowed us to adapt, modify and improve them. The thesis can further contribute to a better understanding of the significance of participation and can be used as a case study of successful transfer of theoretical comprehension into practice. The research shows that in Slovene kindergartens, the degree of participation can be raised and the influence of children in their social environment can be further expanded.

• Keywords: pre-school child, democracy, election, predšolski otrok, demokracija, volitve