Nosečnost in sladkorna bolezen: prehrana in življenjski slog : magistrsko delo

Verbič, Dunja (author), Starc, Andrej (mentor), Pongrac Barlovič, Draženka (comentor)

Uvod: Nosečnostna sladkorna bolezen je sladkorna bolezen, ki se pojavi v nosečnosti in dosega dogovorjene diagnostične vrednosti. Na njen pojav vplivajo: prekomerna telesna teža, nosečnostna sladkorna bolezen v prejšnji nosečnosti, nezdrav življenjski slog ter drugi dejavniki. Njen pojav je posledica nezadostne sekrecije inzulina, pojavi se intoleranca na glukozo in posledično pride do porasta krvnega sladkorja. Nosečnostna sladkorna bolezen predstavlja tveganje za nastanek prirojenih anomalij, anatomskih in funkcionalnih sprememb pri otroku ter nastanek metabolnega sindroma pozneje v odraslem obdobju otroka. Zdravljenje delimo na farmakološko in nefarmakološko. Slednje je temelj zdravljenja nosečnostne sladkorne bolezni, zajema zdravo prehrano, redno telesno aktivnost in izvajanje samokontrole krvnega sladkorja. Edukacijo o zdravem življenjskem slogu izvaja medicinska sestra edukatorica. Namen: Namen raziskave je evalvacija edukacijskega procesa o zdravi prehrani, v katerega so vključene nosečnice z nosečnostno sladkorno boleznijo. Temeljno vprašanje, ki smo si ga zastavili, je, ali se nosečnice z nosečnostno sladkorno boleznijo po opravljeni edukaciji prehranjujejo bolj zdravo. Metode dela: Raziskava je bila izvedena s pomočjo anonimnega anketnega vprašalnika v obliki presečne študije, uporabili smo kvantitativno raziskovalno metodologijo. V teoretičnem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela, opravili smo pregled strokovne literature in znanstvenih člankov s pomočjo podatkovnih baz COBISS, MEDLINE, CHINAL, Google učenjak in EBSCHOhost ter preučili obstoječe tuje in slovenske smernice o vodenju sladkorne bolezni. Rezultati: Nosečnice z nosečnostno sladkorno boleznijo (38 anketirank) so po edukaciji statistično pomembno bolj upoštevale priporočila o zdravi prehrani (priporočila CINDI) in zmanjšale vnos nezdravih živil: pekovskih izdelkov, slanih prigrizkov, sokov, alkoholnih pijač, sladkih prigrizkov in predelanih mesnin. Nosečnice z nosečnostno sladkorno boleznijo so tudi bolj pozorne na sestavo živil in izbiro ogljikovih hidratov z nižjim glikemičnim indeksom. Razprava in zaključek: Raziskava je potrdila, da obstajajo statistično pomembne razlike v prehrani nosečnic z nosečnostno sladkorno boleznijo po opravljeni edukaciji. Edukacija vpliva na boljše prehranjevalne navade nosečnic in zdrav izbor živil nosečnic z nosečnostno sladkorno boleznijo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nosečnostna sladkorna bolezen, edukacija, zdrav življenjski slog nosečnic
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107751
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5623659
• Publication date in RUL: 22.05.2019

VERBIČ, Dunja, 2019, Nosečnost in sladkorna bolezen: prehrana in življenjski slog : magistrsko delo [online]. Master’s thesis. [Accessed 30 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=107751

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: diet and lifestyle : master thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy and meets agreed diagnostic values. It is affected by: obesity, gestational diabetes in previous pregnancy, unhealthy lifestyle and other factors. Its occurrence is due to insufficient insulin secretion. An intolerance to glucose occurs and consequently a rise in blood sugar. Gestational diabetes is a risk factor for congenital anomalies, anatomical and functional changes in the child, and the onset of metabolic syndrome later in adulthood. Treatment options are divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological. The latter are the basis for treatment of gestational diabetes, they include healthy nutrition, regular physical activity and self-monitoring of blood glucose. Education about a healthy lifestyle is carried out by a nurse educator. Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the diet education process that includes pregnant women with gestational diabetes. The fundamental question we have asked is whether pregnant women with a gestational diabetes are eating healthier after structured education. Working methods: The research was carried out using an anonymous questionnaire in the form of a cross-sectional study, using a quantitative research methodology. In the theoretical part, the descriptive method of work was used and a review of literature and scientific articles was carried out using the COBISS, MEDLINE, CHINAL, Google Scholar and EBSCHOhost databases. We have examined the existing foreign and Slovenian guidelines on the management of diabetes. Results: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes (38 women) were statistically significantly more concerned with the recommendations on diet after education (CINDI recommendations), and have reduced the intake of unhealthy foods: bakery products, salty snacks, juices, alcoholic beverages, sweet snacks and processed meat products. Pregnant women with pregnancy-related diabetes are also more attentive to the composition of foods and the choice of carbohydrates with a lower glycaemic index. Discussion and conclusion: The study confirmed that there are statistically significant differences in diets of pregnant women with gestational diabetes following education. Education influences better eating habits of pregnant women with gestational diabetes and a healthier choice of foods.

• Keywords: gestational diabetes, education, healthy lifestyle of pregnant women