Vpliv vaj Igra tišine in Hoja po črti na pozornost učencev v javni osnovni šoli

Bitežnik, Monika (author), Skribe Dimec, Darja (mentor)

Pozornost je osnovna mislena sposobnost za usmerjanje aktivnosti k določenim vsebinam, pri čemer odmislimo moteče dejavnike. Močno je povezana z učenjem – večja kot je stopnja pozornosti med učenjem, več si zapomnimo. Ker imajo nekateri učenci težave s pozornostjo in so med poukom nemirni, moramo ugotoviti, kaj je vzrok njihovih težav. Lahko gre zgolj za nemirnost zaradi pomanjkanja motivacije ali zaradi težav izven šole, lahko pa ima učenec specifične učne težave, kot je motnja pomanjkljive pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo ali brez. Učencem s to motnjo je treba nuditi ustrezne načine pomoči, ker imajo običajno težave s pozornostjo, impulzivnostjo in hiperaktivnostjo. Prilagoditi jim je treba prostor, oblike in metode dela, organizacijo pouka, smiselno pa je izvajati tudi vaje za izboljšanje pozornosti. Tudi pedagogika montessori predlaga vaje za izboljšanje pozornosti, ki jih lahko izvajamo v šoli kot podporno obliko pomoči. V našo raziskavo smo vključili dve vaji – Igra tišine in Hoja po črti. Pedagogika montessori povezuje pozornost z nadzorom telesa, kar je tudi bistvo teh dveh vaj. V empiričnem delu smo vaji 15 dni izvajali z učenci 2. razreda. V kontrolni in dveh eksperimentalnih skupinah smo s testi preverili napredek pozornosti pri vsakem učencu. Ugotovili smo, da so učenci vseh treh skupin v povprečju napredovali in izboljšali pozornost, vendar je bil napredek učencev, ki so izvajali vaji Igra tišine in Hoja po črti, bistveno večji od učencev, ki vaj niso izvajali. Poleg tega smo z anketnim vprašalnikom, na katerega je odgovorilo 60 učiteljev razrednega pouka, ugotovili, da jih 45 % uporablja vaje za izboljšanje pozornosti, in oblikovali seznam petih strategij ali vaj, ki so se v praksi izkazale kot najučinkovitejše.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Igra tišine
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107534
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12378441
• Publication date in RUL: 16.05.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Impact of tasks »Silence game« and »Walk along the line« on the attention of pupils in public elementary school

Abstract

Attentiveness is a primary mental capability for orienting activitives to their definite contents whereof we disregard obtrusive factors. It is heavily connected with learning – higher stage of atentiveness during the learning stage means we memorise more. Because some pupils experience difficulties with attentiveness and restlessness during lessons, it is upon us to find out what is the source of their problems. The source of their restlessness might be merely lack of motivation or problems disregarding school or in some cases the pupil might be diagnosed with specific learning disabilites such as atenttion-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pupils with such disorders are in need of suitable assistance because they often tend to be impulsive, hyperactive or have difficulties with their attentiveness. Their space, organisation of their lessons and methods of working with them need to be adapted. It is reasonable that we also perform a variety of excercises to improve their atentiveness. The pedagogy montessori also propounds variety of excercises to improve attentiveness which can be executed at school as a supportive form of assistance. In our research we included two exercises – Silence game and Walk along the line. The pedagogy montessori links together atentiveness with control of the body itself which is also the solemn purpose of these two exercises. In the empiric part we performed these two exercises with pupils of second grade for fifteen days. We tested the progress of attentiveness of each pupil with tests in one test group and two experimental groups. Results showed that on average pupils of all three groups improved their attentiveness. However the progress of pupils that performed two exercises, Silence game and Walk along the line, showed to be much greater in comparison to those who did not. Furthermore, with a survey that was filled out by sixty primary school teachers we found out that 45% of them use exercises to improve attentiveness. Based on that we designed the list of five strategies and exercises that showed to be the most effective.

• Keywords: Silence game