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Analiza občutljivosti pretoka na izviru Težka voda na spremembe hidravličnih parametrov z uporabo modela toka podzemne vode
ID Vengust, Ada (Author), ID Brenčič, Mihael (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Birk, Steffen (Comentor)

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Abstract
Polovico Slovenije prekriva kras, ki je tudi zelo ranljiv vodni vir, iz katerega se s pitno vodo oskrbujejo številna naselja. Največji izziv pri zaščiti teh vodnih virov predstavlja določanje napajalnega zaledja. Glede na naravo kraškega vodonosnika se pogosto zastavlja vprašanje o geometriji kanalov, ki vodijo do kraškega izvira. V sodobni stroki so se uveljavili številni pristopi, s katerimi skušamo ugotoviti te nedoslednosti. Mednje sodi numerično modeliranje toka podzemne vode z modeli, v katerih je združen kanalski tok s tokom v medzrnskem poroznem mediju. V Sloveniji takega pristopa za modeliranje toka vode skozi izvir še nismo uporabili. Kot primer je izbran izvir Težka voda pri Novem mestu, kjer je velikost napajalnega zaledja približno znana. Iz predhodno izvedenih sledilnih poizkusov izhaja, da je predpostavka o enem dovodnem kanalu smiselna (Habič & Kogovšek, 1992). Namen naloge je kvantitativno opisati dinamiko vodonosnika v zaledju izvira Težka voda. Z modelom želimo prispevati k boljšemu razumevanju kraškega vodonosnika v zaledju Težke vode. Metode, s katerimi so parametri vodonosnika izvira Težka voda določeni, so naslednje: • Numerični kalibriran model obravnavanega vodonosnika na podlagi merjenih pretokov na izviru Težka voda. Temelji na omejitvah Darcyjevega zakona toka podzemne vode, • Izračun napajanja po enačbi ‘‘soil-water balance approach’’, • Analize občutljivosti posameznih testnih parametrov, • Glavna recesijska premica, izračunana po metodi Posavca s sodelavci (2017). Z modelom so predstavljena tri reprezentativna leta, in sicer leto s povprečno količino padavin, leto z najvišjo količino padavin in leto z najmanjšo količino padavin. Kalibriran model predstavlja oceno časovne in prostorske spremenljivosti v odvisnosti od napajanja in njihov vpliv na iztok iz izvira ter na razporeditev hidravličnih višin v vodonosniku. Glavna ugotovitev kalibriranega modela je, da se leto s povprečno količino padavin najbolje ujema z modelom na podlagi rezultatov. Leti z ekstremnimi količinami padavin ne dosegata merjenih pretokov izvira Težka voda. To nakazuje na kompleksnejše delovanje sistema, kot je to predstavljeno z modelom. Tako model za povprečne količine deluje, pri ekstremnih količinah pa zaradi kompleksnejšega delovanja sistema odpove. Ugotovitve modela kažejo dobro izražen odnos med matrično-kanalskim tokom podzemne vode v zaledju izvira Težka voda.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:kraški izvir, kvantifikacija krasa, numerični model, izvir Težka voda, podzemni tok vode
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Year:2019
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-106802 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:1461086 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:18.03.2019
Views:1371
Downloads:317
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Sensitivity of the discharge of a karst spring Težka voda (SE Slovenia) to changes in hydraulic parameters using a groundwater flow model
Abstract:
The main problem related to the karst system in Slovenia is its complex and deep structure. In most cases, the karst spring catchment area, recharge and conduit system are unknown. For this reason, the Težka Voda spring was chosen where the size of the catchment area is known and one conduit can be predicted on the basis of tracer tests (Habič, Kogovšek, 1992). The main goal of this master research work is to develop a calibrated groundwater flow model of a karst aquifer drained by the Težka Voda karst spring (SE Slovenia). This will provide the quantification of the system and dynamics of the karst aquifer. Thus, this work aims to improve the understanding of the Težka Voda spring and to calibrate the model so that it adequately simulates the observed discharge while the hydraulic heads (for which no observation exists) vary within reasonable ranges. Methods used for defining the parameters for the karst spring of Težka Voda are: • Numerical calibrated model of the obtained aquifer based on the measured discharge rates of the Težka Voda spring. The model employed is based on the assumption of Darcy flow, • Groundwater recharge calculation based on the equation soil-water balance approach, • Sensitivity tests of individual hydraulic parameters, • Master recession curve computed by the method developed by Posavec, et al. 2017. The model is used with three representative years, a year with the average precipitation rate, a maximum precipitation year and a minimum precipitation year. The calibrated model will finally be used to assess the impact of changes in the temporal and spatial distribution of recharge on the spring discharge and the hydraulic heads within the aquifer. The main conclusion of the calibrated model is that the year with the average precipitation rate gives the best estimation and simulation of the measured discharge rates at the Težka Voda spring. Years with extreme precipitation rates do not describe the measured discharge rates. This indicates more complex system conditions than the ones described with the model. Therefore, the model works well for the year with the average precipitation; however, in the case of years with extreme amounts the model fails to simulate these more complex conditions because of the model simplification. Based on the model results the connection between the matrix and conduit flow is well expressed in the karst aquifer.

Keywords:groundwater flow model, karst spring, numerical model, Težka Voda spring, karst quantification

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