Analiza izpada pridelka na travinju v alpskem prostoru zaradi paše jelenjadi

Stare, Matevž (author), Vidrih, Matej (mentor), Lukač, Branko (co-mentor)

V zadnjih desetletjih se v Sloveniji srečujemo s problemom izpada pridelka na kmetijskih zemljiščih, ker se je prostorska razširjenost prostoživečih parkljarjev, predvsem jelenjadi in divjega prašiča močno povečala. In podobne težave imajo tudi v drugih evropskih državah. V okviru projekta ALPBIONET2030 smo na kmetiji Zupan v Srednji Radovni in kmetiji Pretner v Trenti z meritvami ugotavljali izpad pridelka voluminozne krme, ki nastane zaradi paše jelenjadi. Na vsaki kmetiji smo v sredini aprila 2018 na dveh lokacijah postavili 10 kletk. Na lokacijah v Srednji Radovni smo pod kletko pridelali 6,22 t ss/ha in zunaj kletke (nezavarovano) je bil pridelek sušine manjši za 9,7 %. Pri drugi košnji je bil izpad pridelka na kmetiji v Srednji Radovni 7,8 %. Na nezavarovanih vzorčnih ploskvah na kmetiji v Trenti smo pridelali za 53,3 % manj sušine kot pod kletkami. Bolj raznoliko travno rušo smo ugotovili v Trenti, v kateri smo našli 27 različnih vrst. Tudi Shannonov indeks pestrosti (1,7) je bil v Trenti višji kot v Srednji Radovni. V Srednji Radovni v travni ruši prevladujejo trave (63,5 %), zeli (27,4 %) in metuljnice (9,1 %). V Trenti pa so prevladovale zeli (48,7 %), sledile so trave (48,0 %) in metuljnice (3,3 %). Rezultati proučevanja kažejo zmanjšanje pridelka krme zaradi popasenosti jelenjadi od 9,2 % v Srednji Radovni do 53,2 % v Trenti. Na nobeni proučevani lokaciji obeh kmetij ni bilo velikih razlik v kakovosti krme vzorčene pod kletko in na prostem. Zaključujemo, da škode niso zanemarljive in vplivajo na količino pridelane mrve.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: travinje, jelenjad, voluminozna krma, izpad pridelka, alpski prostor
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [M. Stare]
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-106786
• UDC: 633.2.033.3:632.69:636.294:631.559(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 9180537
• Publication date in RUL: 18.03.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of grassland production loss in alpine region due to red deer grazing

Abstract

In the last decades we have been facing a larger problem of damage on agricultural land due to increased number of wildlife in Slovenia, especially the red deer and wild boar population. Also other European countries deal with similar problems. In the framework of the project ALBIONET2030 we conducted a field experiment to evaluate the damage caused by the red deer grazing on grassland in alpine reagion. We carried out the research on two organic livestock farms in Slovenia; Zupan farm in Srednja Radovna and Pretner farm in Trenta. In mid April we placed at each farm 10 cages on two locations. In Srednja Radovna there was an average of about 6.22 t ss/ha produced hay under cages. Outside these cages there was for 9.7 % less hay produced. In the second hay cut there was even 7.8% less hay. In Trenta valley there was 53.3% less hay produced on unprotected plots when compared to yield under cages. More diverse turf was found in Trenta (about 27 different plant species). Higher Shannon index was also found in Trenta region with its value of 1.7. In the grass sward in Srednja Radovna there were mainly grass species (63.5 %), followed by herbs (27.4 %) and legumes (9.1 %). In Trenta area herbs (48.7 %) prevail over grass species (48.0 %) and legumes (3.3 %). The given results show us decreased amounts of hay; from 9.2 % in Srednja Radovna to 53.2 % in Trenta. There were no differences in quality and nutritional value of hay at both farms. The yield loss on grassland due to red deer grazing is considerable and it has a big influence on the amount of hay production.

• Keywords: grassland, red deer, forage, yield loss, alpine region