Razvoj volilnega sistema v Albaniji in Republiki Makedoniji v obdobju od 1990 do 2014 in njegove posledice

Nograšek, Mateja (author), Krašovec, Alenka (mentor)

V diplomskem delu bom analizirala razvoj volilnega sistema v Albaniji in Republiki Makedoniji od padca komunizma leta 1990 do leta 2014 in njegove posledice na število (predvsem manjših) političnih strank, zastopanih v parlamentu. Obe državi sta v obdobju prehoda iz komunističnega enopartijskega sistema v demokratični večstrankarski sistem, ki še vedno traja, pogosto spreminjali volilni sistem in volilno zakonodajo. Albanija in Makedonija sta v zadnjih dvajsetih letih izvedli osem parlamentarnih volitev in nobene od njih niso potekale po popolnoma enakem volilnem sistemu. V Albaniji so prve volitve potekale po proporcionalnem volilnem sistemu, nato je naslednjih pet volitev potekalo po mešanem volilnem sistemu in zadnje dvoje po proporcionalnem volilnem sistemu. Enako število volitev je v istem obdobju izvedla Republika Makedonija. Prve dvoje volitve je izvedla po večinskem volilnem sistemu, tretje po mešanem volilnem sistemu, zadnjih pet pa po proporcionalnem volilnem sistemu. Obe državi sta poleg volilnega sistema pogosto spreminjali tudi volilne elemente, Albanija najpogosteje volilni prag, Makedonija pa število volilnih enot in meje volilnih enot. To nakazuje tudi na volilni inženiring, ki je v obeh državah sredstvo za doseganje želenih volilnih rezultatov določenih, predvsem prevladujočih strank. Z vidika teorije je menjava volilnih sistemov zanimiva in nam bo pomagala analizirati posledice različnih volilnih sistemov in spreminjanje volilnih pravil na število strank in delež sedežev manjših strank v parlamentu obeh držav.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: volilni sistem, volitve, stranke, Albanija, Republika Makedonija, volilna zakonodaja, volilne reforme.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-106133
• COBISS.SI-ID: 36025949
• Publication date in RUL: 31.01.2019

NOGRAŠEK, Mateja, 2019, Razvoj volilnega sistema v Albaniji in Republiki Makedoniji v obdobju od 1990 do 2014 in njegove posledice [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 1 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=106133

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The Development of the Electoral system in Albania and the Republic of Macedonia in the Period from 1990 to 2014 and Its Consequences

Abstract

In the bachelor’s thesis, I will analyze the development of the electoral system in Albania and the Republic of Macedonia from the fall of communism in 1990 to 2014 and its consequences on the number of (mostly younger) political parties represented in the Parliament. In the period of transition between the communist one-party system and democratic multiparty system, which is still ongoing, both countries have often changed the electoral system and the electoral legalization. For twenty years, Albania and Macedonia have held eight parliamentary elections and none of them were held in the same electoral system. First elections in Albania were held by a proportional electoral system. Then, the next five elections were held by a mixed electoral system and the last two by a proportional electoral system. The same number of elections was held by the Republic of Macedonia during the same period. The first two elections were held by the majority electoral system, the third by a mixed electoral system, and the last five by a proportional electoral system. In addition to the electoral system, both countries often changed electoral elements. Albania changed the electoral threshold most often and Macedonia changed the number of constituencies and the constituency. This appears to point to electoral engineering, which in both countries is an instrument for achieving the desired electoral results of certain, most dominant parties. From the point of theory, the change of electoral system is interesting and will help us to analyze the consequences of the various electoral systems and changing the electoral rules to the number of parties and the proportion of seats of smaller parties in the parliament of both countries.

• Keywords: electoral system, election, parties, Albania, Republic of Macedonia, electoral legislation, electoral reforms.