Vpliv strešnih oken na energijsko bilanco in dnevno osvetljevanje mansardnega stanovanja na treh različnih lokacijah : magistrsko delo

URŠIČ, MATEJA (author), Košir, Mitja (mentor)

Mansardna stanovanja se zaradi svoje specifične lege in oblike v večstanovanjskih stavbah razlikujejo od klasičnih stanovanj. Njihovi prostori so osvetljeni z dnevno svetlobo, ki prehaja v notranjost tudi skozi strešna okna, katerih površina vpliva tako na dnevno osvetljevanje prostorov kot tudi na energijsko bilanco stavbe. V nalogi smo določili minimalne površine transparentnih delov stavbnega ovoja v izbranem mansardnem stanovanju, ki zadostujejo zakonskim in s standardom FprEN 17037 priporočenim vrednostim za osvetljevanje stavb z dnevno svetlobo na treh različnih lokacijah. Analizo dnevnega osvetljevanja smo izdelali s programskim orodjem Velux Daylight Visualizer 3. Povprečno razmerje med površino oken in tlorisom stanovanja (angl. WFR) je v Ljubljani in Madridu znašalo 28 % ter v Londonu 30 %, kar je več od zakonskih zahtev glede na Pravilnik o minimalnih tehničnih zahtevah za graditev stanovanjskih stavb in stanovanj, kjer minimalni WFR za bivalne prostore znaša 20 %. V naslednjem koraku smo s simulacijskim programom EnergyPlus izračunali energijsko bilanco stanovanja ter določili razmerje med energijsko bilanco okna in potrebno energijo za ogrevanje ali hlajenje ob upoštevanju senčenja/nesenčenja oken. S tem smo ovrednotili vpliv sončnega sevanja na energijsko bilanco stanovanja pri specifični površini transparentnega dela stavbnega ovoja. Energijska bilanca okna je definirana kot seštevek solarnih pritokov in toplotnega toka skozi okno in je na vseh treh lokacijah v juniju predstavljala med 75 in 90 % potrebne energije za hlajenje. Ob upoštevanju senčenja se je maksimalna potrebna energija zmanjšala med 62 in 77 %, kar kaže na velik vpliv senčil. Vpliv energijske bilance oken na potrebno energijo za ogrevanje je bil v Londonu in Ljubljani v času ogrevanja večinoma negativen. Pozitiven vpliv je bil viden le v spomladanskih in jesenskih mesecih, ko je moč sončnega sevanja večja in so zunanje temperature višje. V zadnjem delu naloge smo izvedli primerjavo mansardnega stanovanja z ekvivalentnim stanovanjem z ravno streho. Mansardno stanovanje se z vidika energijske bilance na vseh treh lokacijah v primerjavi z referenčnim izkaže za boljšega, kar je še posebej razvidno pri uporabi senčil. Prednost mansardnega stanovanja je vidna tako pri ekvivalentni osvetljenosti prostorov kot pri enaki velikosti oken.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: energijska bilanca stavbe, energija za ogrevanje, solarni dobitki, velikost transparentnih površin, osvetljenost prostorov z dnevno svetlobo
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Publisher: [M. Uršič]
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-106104
• UDC: 728.1:535.612(497.4)(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8675425
• Publication date in RUL: 26.01.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Influence of roof windows on the energy performance and daylighting of an attic apartment at three different locations : master thesis

Abstract

Due to their specific position and shape, attic apartments in apartment buildings differ from conventional apartments. Their rooms are illuminated by daylight, which passes indoors also through the skylights whose surface affects both the daylighting of the rooms and the energy balance of the building. In the thesis we determined the minimum surfaces of transparent parts of the building envelope in the selected attic apartment, which was sufficient according to legislation and standard FprEN 17037 recommended values for daylight lighting in three different locations. Analyses for daylighting were performed with the help of Velux Daylight Visualizer 3 software. The average window-to-floor area ratio (WFR) in Ljubljana and Madrid was 28 % and in London 30 %, which is more than legal requirements according to Codes on minimum technical requirements for construction of residential buildings and apartments, where the minimum WFR for living spaces was 20 %. In the next step we calculated the energy balance of the apartment with simulation program EnergyPlus and determined the ratio between the energy balance of the window and the required energy for heating or cooling, taking into account the shading/not shading of the windows. With this we evaluated the influence of solar radiation on the energy balance of apartment at the specific surface of the transparent part of the building envelope. The energy balance of the window is defined as the sum of solar gains and heat flow through the window and it represented between 75 and 90 % of the required cooling energy at all three locations in June. Taking into account the shading, the maximum required energy was reduced from 62 to 77 %, which indicates high impact of the shades. The influence of the energy balance of windows on the necessary energy for heating was during heating season in London and Ljubljana mostly negative. The positive effect was seen only in the spring and autumn months when the power of solar radiation is greater and the outside temperatures are higher. In the last part of the assignment, we compared the attic apartment with an equivalent flat roof apartment. The attic apartment is better in terms of energy balance in all three locations compared to the reference, which is especially evident when using the blinds. The advantage of the attic apartment is visible at the same brightness of the equivalent rooms and the same size of the windows.

• Keywords: energy balance of the building, space heating energy, heat cost allocation, apartment location, daylight illumination of rooms