Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TMP) is a major health problem worldwide. TMP can be defined as a "damage of the living brain induced by an external mechanical force". Therefore, TMP is every non-degenerative and un-genetic brain damage which occurs by the action of an external force. Purpose: of the diploma thesis was to determine through the case what role and influence does physiotherapy have on patients after traumatic brain injury. Methods: We used a descriptive method with a literature review and a report on the case with physiotherapy assessment and treatment. On the basis of the data obtained from the medical documentation and history, we assessed the condition of the patient. We continued with physical examination, goniometric measurements of the ranges of the motion for upper and lower limbs and measures of limb volume using a measure tape. This was followed by an evaluation of the pain that we obtained with a visual analog scale, manual muscular testing, and evaluation of the surface and deep sensitivity. In the end we performed: a modified sensory interaction test, a functional range test, and a Berg balance scale. We selected the combination of exercises according to the set goals, the willingness of the patient to participate and his general well-being. Throughout the rehabilitation process the physiotherapeutic treatment has been enhancing. Results: After twelve weeks of physiotherapy treatments the results were successfully visible. The range of motion has improved in the shoulder joints as well as in the hip, knee and upper ankle joint. The volume of the upper arm has increased by 8 centimeters on the right extremity and 5,5 centimeters on the left, the volume of forearm has increased on the right extremity by 8,5 centimeters and on the left extremity by 7 centimeters. Muscle strength has significantly improved both on the upper limbs, as well as lower limbs and trunk. After twelve weeks of physiotherapy treatments pain has decreased by 4 points on the VAL scale. Improved results were also achieved with a time-measured test of modified sensory interaction, where the maximum execution time of a particular task has improved for a minimum of 10 seconds or more. The results also improved in dynamic balance tests, while testing the functional reach, the mean value improved by 9 centimeters, while in the Berg scale the patients score improved by 27 points compared to the initial measurements. Discussion and conclusion: With a physiotherapeutic treatment which lasted twelve weeks we wanted to improve muscle tone and muscle strength, increase the range of motion, improve balance and transitions between positions, and at the same time improve the physical function and thus the quality of life. The results of the used measuring tools showed improvement in all tests. In addition to all of the above, we have influenced the patient’s independence and the motivation for further participation in the rehabilitation process has also increased. We have achieved all the set goals. The patient's progress is associated with the effects of physiotherapy, spontaneous recovery and, in particular, his motivation and the desire for effective and successful rehabilitation.
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