Nosečnica na delovnem mestu – razlogi za bolniški stalež : diplomsko delo

Primc, Tjaša (author), Šestan, Nevenka (mentor), Petročnik, Petra (co-mentor)

Uvod: Nosečnost je fiziološko stanje in sama po sebi ni bolezen. Veliko nosečnic zato dela do pozne nosečnosti. Kljub temu da fiziološke spremembe v nosečnosti niso razlog za bolniški stalež, je nosečnost drugi najpogostejši vzrok za izgubljene delovne dni pri ženskah. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti nosečnico na delovnem mestu in opredeliti nosečnost kot razlog za bolniški stalež. Poleg tega želimo ugotoviti pogostost in dolžino bolniškega staleža v nosečnosti glede na diagnoze, gospodarske dejavnosti in starostne skupine. Metode dela: Prvi del temelji na deskriptivni metodi s sistematičnim pregledom literature v znanstvenih revijah in strokovnih knjigah ter po podatkovnih bazah. V empiričnem delu so bili s statistično analizo prikazani podatki o bolniškem staležu za obdobje nosečnosti, poroda in poporodnega obdobja v opazovanem obdobju med letoma 2004 in 2013. Prikazani so bili kazalniki bolniškega staleža, kot so odstotek bolniškega staleža, indeks frekvence, indeks obolevnosti, resnost, obolevnost glede na gospodarske dejavnosti in po starostnih skupinah. Statistična analiza pridobljenih podatkov je pokazala najpogostejše diagnoze v nosečnosti, ki so lahko razlog za bolniški stalež. Rezultati: Odstotek bolniškega staleža se je v obdobju nosečnosti, poroda in poporodnega obdobja od leta 2004 do leta 2013 znižal za 0,15 %, skrajšala se je tudi dolžina bolniškega staleža (v povprečju leta 2013 18,39 dneva). Najpogostejša diagnoza kot razlog za bolniški stalež je grozeči splav, ki se kaže kot krvavitev. Med gospodarskimi dejavnostmi glede na kazalnike bolniškega staleža prevladuje socialno varstvo z nastanitvijo (domovi za ostarele, ustanove za oskrbo duševno prizadetih, zavetišča, varne hiše ipd.). Starostna skupina žensk od 20 do 44 let v vseh kazalnikih zaseda daleč najvišje mesto med nosečnicami z bolniškim staležem. Razprava in zaključek: Fiziološke spremembe in simptomi v nosečnosti ne morejo biti razlog za bolniški stalež. Za zdravje nosečnice in ploda ter kot odlična priprava na porod je pomembna zmerna, redna, vsaki nosečnici prilagojena telesna dejavnost. Dolžnost delodajalca je, da upošteva zakonodajo in da poskrbi za varnost nosečnice na delovnem mestu. Na področju preventive sta zelo pomembni zdravnikova vloga in vloga babice. Čeprav je ta tematika vedno bolj aktualna, se o njej premalo govori in piše. V proces zmanjševanja pogostosti bolniškega staleža bi se morale s svojim znanjem aktivno vključiti tudi babice.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nosečnica, bolniški stalež, zdravstveni absentizem, dejavniki tveganja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105899
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5562219
• Publication date in RUL: 22.12.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Pregnant woman on the workplace – reasons for sickness absence : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a physiological state and not a sickness on its own. This means that a lot of pregnant women work until late in their pregnancy. Even though physiological changes during pregnancy are not a reason for taking sick leave, pregnancy is the second most common reason for missed workdays for women. Aim: The aim of this diploma thesis is to present the position of pregnant women in the workplace and define pregnancy as a reason for taking sick leave. In addition to this, the wish is to discover the frequency and length of sick leave during pregnancy based on diagnoses, business activities, and age groups. Work methods: The first part is based on a descriptive method with a systematic overview of sources from scientific magazines, books, and databases. The empirical part consists of a statistical analysis of sick leave data for pregnancy, birth and post-birth periods between 2004 and 2013. Sick leave markers included are: the percentage of sick leaves, the frequency index, the morbidity index, and severity based on business activities and age groups. The statistical analysis of the data showed the most common diagnoses in pregnancy that can be a reason for sick leave. Results: The percentage of sick leave in pregnancy, during birth and in the post-birth period has lowered by 0.15% from 2004 to 2013 and the length of sick leave has also decreased (18.39 days on average). The most common reason for sick leave is the possibility of a miscarriage, that manifests itself as bleeding. Among the business activities based on sick leave markers, the most common turned out to be social security with accommodation (nursery homes, care facilities for the mentally disabled, shelters, safe houses, etc.). The age group between 20 and 44 years took the first place for every marker by far among pregnant women on sick leave. Discussion and conclusion: Physiological changes and symptoms of pregnancy cannot be a reason for sick leave. A moderate, regular, and modified physical activity is very important for the health of a pregnant woman and her foetus and a great preparation for birth. The duty of every employer is to consider the legislation and assure the safety of pregnant women in the workplace. The doctor’s and midwife’s roles are very important for preventive measures. Even though this topic is becoming more relevant, it is not discussed enough. Midwives should be able to use their knowledge and be actively included in the process of reducing the frequency of sick leave among pregnant women.

• Keywords: pregnant women, sick leave, health absenteeism, risk factors