Introduction: Maintaining the process of birth as normal as possible is crucial to the health of women, but in the last two centuries, the medical proceses have become superiror, have prevailed over women's bodies, and changed the nature of birth. Physiological delivery is an exception in the developed world. There are two main models of caregiving in the process of birth.
Aim: The purpose of the thesis is to clarify the term "physiological birth", present two main paradigms of post-natal care in the world, and a midwifery and medical view of physiological delivery.
Methods: We used the descriptive method of work which is a review of professional and scientific literature, both domestic and foreign, related to physiological birth and various models of care. We used professional articles, books, proceedings in midwifery as well as sociology. We also searched for literature in the Pubmed, CINAHL, DiKul, The Cochrane Collaboration databases, the COBISS.SI co-operative bibliographic system and official websites of recognized foreign organizations (eg ICM, WHO). Sources in Slovene and English language, that were issued over a period of time from 1998 to 2018, were included. One used criteria was also the accessability of full text online. The criteria for literature are also evident clear connections with the subject of physical birth and various models of care. Appropriate and used were 51 sources.
Results: The models of post-natal care are based on the professional orientation of the medical discipline, i.e. professional philosophy. The results of the literature review show that the midwifery model is holistic, continuous, individual, determinates delivery as a normal state, promotes empowerment of women and supports diversity. Midwifery model represents delivery as a normal physiological process. The medical model is focused on the pathological conditions where operators use technology to control and manage the pathological state; any deviation from normal means pathology. In the medical model physiological childbirth was determined as retrograde.
Discussion an conclusion: Birth is not only a part of the reproductive process of humanity, but also expresses the attitude of society towards mother, fetus and women in general. Given that the very name of the model doesn't define the person who uses it, we can conclude, that midwives are trained to carry out physiological deliveries, obstetricians and gynecologists are trained to carry out pathological deliveries.
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