Vpliv različnih vzorcev dihanja na porabo kisika pri vajah za stabilizacijo trupa : diplomsko delo

Klanjšček, Nina (author), Potočnik, Nejka (mentor), Kacin, Alan (co-mentor)

Uvod: Dihanje se med telesno dejavnostjo prilagodi povečani potrebi telesa po kisiku skladno s fiziološkimi uravnalnimi mehanizmi. S hotenim dihanjem med telesno dejavnostjo lahko potek te regulacije spremenimo in posledično vplivamo na fiziološke kazalce napora in subjektivno zaznavanje napora. Namen: Z diplomsko nalogo smo želeli najti in obrazložiti morebitne razlike v fiziološkem odzivu na kratkotrajno nizkointenzivno telesno dejavnost za stabilizacijo trupa z nihanjem rok glede na modulacijo frekvence dihanja ter modulacijo upora v dihalnih poteh med izdihom in določiti morebiten energetsko najučinkovitejši vzorec dihanja pri zdravih mladih odraslih. Metode dela: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 15 zdravih mladih odraslih. Po opravljenih osnovnih meritvah so izvedli tri zaporedne ponovitve vaje za stabilizacijo trupa z nihanjem rok s tremi vzorci dihanja: pri lokomotorno-respiracijskem ujemanju en dih na en ponavljajoč gib (LRU1:1) brez povečanega upora v dihalnih poteh pri izdihu ter pri LRU1:1 in LRU1:7 s povečanim uporom pri izdihu. Pred, med in 10 minut po dejavnosti smo s sistemom Quark PFT merili porabo kisika, nastajanje ogljikovega dioksida, respiratorni količnik, srčno frekvenco, pljučno ventilacijo in ventilacijski ekvivalent. Ob koncu dejavnosti so preiskovanci izpolnili vprašalnik o subjektivni zaznavi napora. Dobljene podatke smo analizirali s programom LibreOffice Calc in SigmaStat, meja statistične pomembnosti je P<0,05. Rezultati: Posamezne spremenljivke so sledile pričakovanim vrednostim fiziološkega odgovora na kratkotrajno nizkointenzivno aerobno telesno dejavnost s komponento statične vadbe proti uporu. Z analizo smo ugotovili statistično pomembno razliko v aktivnih fazah meritve, pri čemer je imel vzorec dihanja z LRU1:1 in povečanim uporom ob izdihu najnižje povprečne vrednosti porabe kisika, nastajanja ogljikovega dioksida, respiratornega količnika in srčne frekvence. Prav tako je bil označen kot najmanj naporen. V mirovnih vrednostih nismo opazili razlik med vzorci dihanja. Razprava in zaključek: Opisani rezultati bi lahko pomenili, da je LRU1:1 s povečanim uporom ob izdihu energetsko najbolj učinkovit vzorec dihanja pri izbrani dejavnosti. Različne odzive fizioloških spremenljivk glede na vzorec dihanja med vajo pripisujemo sinhronizaciji dihanja z gibanjem, uporabi pozitivnega ekspiratornega pritiska, delni okluziji ožilja aktivnih mišičnih skupin, hiperventilaciji, anaerobni komponenti dejavnosti in utrujanju. Za nadaljnje raziskovanje predlagamo izoliranje tipa dejavnosti na izključno aerobno ali anaerobno za določeno mišično skupino, poleg tega bi bilo smiselno ponoviti raziskavo z drugimi pogosto uporabljenimi vzorci dihanja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: vzorec dihanja, poraba kisika, napor, stabilizacija trupa
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105395
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5539435
• Publication date in RUL: 24.11.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of different breathing patterns on oxygen consumption during trunk stabilization exercises : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Changes in breathing occur during physical exercise as an adaptation to increased energy consumption. Intentional breathing patterns can affect physiological responses and exertion perception. Purpose: The aim of this study is to find and explain differences in the energy consumption and exertion perception while performing a short-term low-intensity trunk stabilization exercise with hand-oscillation using different breathing frequencies and airway resistance. Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen healthy young adults have participated in the study. Firstly, resting values were measured. Afterwards, participants performed a single trunk stabilization exercise three times: with locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC) 1:1 and physiological airway resistance, LRC 1:1 and LRC 1:7 with increased airway resistance. While performing the exercise, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, heart rate, ventilation and respiratory equivalent were measured with Quark PFT. Afterwards, participants answered a questionnaire on exertion perception. Data was analysed using LibreOffice Calc and SigmaStat with the significance level P<0.05. Results: Measured variables meet expected values for short- term low-intensity aerobic exercise combined with static resistance exercise. Analysis showed statistically relevant difference during active phases of measurement, with the breathing type using LRC 1:1 and increased expiratory pressure having the lowest average values of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient and heart rate and was labelled as the least difficult to perform by participants. There were no differences observed among breathing types during inactive phases. Discussion and conclusion: Results may indicate that the breathing type using LRC 1:1 and increased airway resistance is energetically most efficient for the given exercise. The observed differences can be attributed to the use of positive expiratory pressure, anaerobic component of the chosen exercise, partial occlusion of active muscles' vascular system, hyperventilation and fatigue. Further research should focus on discrimination between purely aerobic or anaerobic type of exercise for a given muscle group. Effects of other frequently used patterns of breathing during exercise should also be investigated in future studies.

• Keywords: breathing pattern, oxygen consumption, exertion, trunk stabilization