Avtomatizacija naprave za čiščenje odlitkov

MIKLIČ, SIMON (author), Mušič, Gašper (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi so predstavljeni nekateri zahtevnejši deli projekta izdelave krmilja za napravo, ki čisti livarski pesek. Izdelati je bilo potrebno funkcijski blok, ki premika šobo za peskanje po posameznih pozicijah, funkcijski blok za komunikacijo z električnim linearnim aktuatorjem in slikovnim senzorjem, na koncu pa napisati še glavni krmilni program. Naprava je namenjena čiščenju livarskega peska. S pomočjo pnevmatskih in električnih cilindrov se peskalne šobe premikajo po posameznih pozicijah, tako da dosežejo vse odprtine, skozi katere peskamo v notranjost. V prvem delu diplomske naloge je predstavljeno nekaj projektnih zahtev in oprema, uporabljena pri izdelanem projektu, sledi opis sestave glavnega krmilnega programa. Program za avtomatsko delovanje je sestavljen iz treh glavnih sklopov: vklapljanje, peskanje in izklapljanje. Program za vklapljanje, peskanje in izklapljanje je načrtovan kot koračno krmilje. V zadnjem delu diplomske naloge so predstavljeni še posamezni funkcijski bloki, ki so bili izdelani za potrebe projekta. Najprej je bilo potrebno izdelati funkcijski blok, ki premika šobo za peskanje po posameznih pozicijah. Znotraj bloka so bili uporabljeni funkcijski bloki za krmiljenje pnevmatskih cilindrov. V bloku je bilo izdelano koračno krmilje za premikaje pnevmatskih cilindrov, javljanje pozicije, proženje peskanja, nastavitve časa peskanja ter nastavljiv način premikanja glede na izbrano recepturo. Poleg tega je bil izdelan tudi funkcijski blok za komunikacijo z električnim linearnim aktuatorjem ter funkcijski blok za premikanje celotnega gnezda z električnim linearnim aktuatorjem. Slednji ima nastavljive delovne pozicije in možnost prehajanja med posameznimi pozicijami ter nastavljiv čas med prehodi. Slikovni senzor je bil uporabljen za potrebe po detekciji pravilne orientacije obdelovanca v obdelovalnem gnezdu. Komunikacija tipa Profinet s slikovnim senzorjem omogoča pisanje in branje signalov senzorja iz fizičnih naslovov slikovnega senzorja. V sklepnem delu diplomske naloge so predstavljene ugotovitve in rešitve izvedenega projekta.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Čiščenje odlitkov, peskanje, programirljivi logični krmilnik, funkcijski blok.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105203
• Publication date in RUL: 09.11.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Automation of casting cleaning device

Abstract

In this thesis we introduce the most demanding parts of the production process of a control unit for a device that cleans casting sand. Firstly, we had to design and produce two functional blocks; one that moves the sandblasting nozzle across individual positions, and the other one that communicates with the electric linear actuator and an imaging sensor. Lastly, the main control program was compiled for the control unit. The device is used for cleansing casting sand. It uses pneumatic and electrical cylinders to move the sandblasting nozzles across multiple positions in order to reach all the openings through which the inside of the workpiece can then be sandblasted. In the first part of the thesis, the main challenges of the project and the equipment that was used are introduced, followed by a description of the main control programming process. The program for the automatic operation consists of three main stages: switch on, sandblasting and switch off. It is designed as a sequential control. In the final part of the thesis, the main functional blocks that were made for the needs of the project are introduced. First, the main functional block that moves the sandblasting nozzle had to be made. Within this block, we used other functional blocks to control the pneumatic cylinders. For the main block we had to construct the sequential control for moving the pneumatic cylinders, communicating the position, starting of sandblasting, managing sandblasting time settings and for adjustable movement according to the selected set. Apart from that, another functional block was made for the communication with the linear actuator, and another one for moving the whole nest with the electric linear actuator. The actuator has adjustable working positions and the possibility of transitioning between individual positions as well as an adjustable time frame between positions. An imaging sensor was used to determine whether the orientation of the workpiece in the work nest was correct. Profinet communication with the imaging sensor enables writing and reading the sensor signals from physical addresses of the imaging sensor. We concluded the thesis by presenting the findings and solutions of the project.

• Keywords: Casting cleaning, sand blasting, programmable logic controller, functional block.