Celovit pristop priprave kazalcev okolja: primer kakovosti zunanjega zraka : magistrsko delo

Matjašec, Tjaša (author), Kukec, Andreja (mentor), Kovač, Nataša (co-mentor)

Uvod: Čezmerno onesnaženje zunanjega zraka je eden izmed večjih okoljskih problemov tako v Evropi kot v Sloveniji. Med uporabna orodja za poročanje o stanju okolja uvrščamo kazalce okolja. Kazalci okolja temeljijo na petdelnem okviru presoje, t. i. okviru DPSIR, ki vključuje gonilne sile (D), obremenitve (P), stanje (S), vplive (I) in odzive (R). Najnovejši model za ocenjevanje stanja okolja je okvir DPSEEA, ki vključuje gonilne sile (D), obremenitve (P), stanje (S), izpostavljenost (E), vplive (E) in ukrepanje (A) ter povezuje socialni, ekonomski in okoljski vidik z zdravjem in dobrim počutjem. Namen: Pripraviti celovit model za oceno kakovosti zunanjega zraka z uporabo kazalcev okolja. Metode dela: Pri pripravi celovitega modela za oceno kakovosti zunanjega zraka smo pregledali modele za pripravo celovite ocene, ki temeljijo na uporabi kazalcev, in ocene presoje z uporabo DPSIR. Pregledali smo veljavne pravne predpise Evropske unije in Slovenije za obdobje od leta 2008 do leta 2016. Po principu semaforja – rdeča barva (neuporabni podatki), rumena barva (podatki nudijo že nekaj informacij), zelena barva (uporabni podatki) – smo ocenili stanje zbiranja ter dostopnost okoljskih in zdravstvenih podatkov. Rezultati: Okvir DPSSEA je najprimernejši za oceno stanja kakovosti zraka. Model ocenjevanja kakovosti zraka se nanaša na gospodinjstva. Pregled in analiza zakonodajnih zahtev sta pokazala, da sta evropska in slovenska zakonodaja usklajeni. Ocena stanja zbiranja okoljskih in zdravstvenih podatkov je pokazala, da so podatki časovno primerljivi od leta 2002 do leta 2015. Pomanjkljivost zbiranja omenjenih podatkov je razpršenost podatkov po različnih podatkovnih bazah. Pri oceni dostopnosti rutinsko zbranih okoljskih in zdravstvenih podatkov smo ugotovili, da so podatki premalo kakovostni, da bi jih lahko uporabili za celovito analizo, saj se zbirajo na različnih ravneh in niso namenjeni povezovanju zdravstvenih in okoljskih podatkov. Razprava in sklep: Za celovit pristop priprave kazalcev okolja na primeru kakovosti zunanjega zraka po modelu DPSEEA bi potrebovali natančnejše podatke (prostorska in časovna ločljivost) o ravneh onesnaženosti zraka na lokalni ravni, širši nabor zdravstvenih podatkov, ki so posledica onesnaženega zraka, ter natančnejše podatke o prometnih obremenitvah in številu gospodinjstev glede rabe lesne biomase in starosti kurilne naprave.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: celovit model ocenjevanja, kazalci okolja, DPSIR, DPSEEA, kakovost zunanjega zraka
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-104793
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5513323
• Publication date in RUL: 11.10.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Integrated approach of the indicator based assessment: the case outdoor air quality : masterʹs thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Excessive air pollution is one of the major environmental problems in Europe and Slovenia. Among the useful tools for reporting the state of the environment are environmental indicators. Environmental indicators are based on five-part audit frameworks, i.e. DPSIR framework including Driving forces (D), Pressures (P), State (S), Impacts (I), and Response (R). The latest environmental assessment model is the DPSEEA framework, which includes Driving Force (D), Pressure (P), State (S), Exposure (E), Effects (E) and Action (A) and combines the social, economic and environmental aspects of health and well-being. Purpose: Prepare a comprehensive model for assessing the quality of ambient air using environmental indicators. Methods: In preparing a comprehensive model for the assessment of ambient air quality, we reviewed models for the preparation of a comprehensive assessment based on the use of indicators and assessment estimates using DPSIR. We reviewed the valid legal regulations of the European Union and Slovenia for the period from 2008 to 2016. According to the traffic light principle - red color (useless data), yellow color (some information is provided), green color (useful data) - we assessed the state of collection and the availability of environmental and health data. Results: The DPSSEA framework is best suited to assess the condition of air quality. The air quality assessment model refers to households. The review and analysis of the legislation has shown that European and Slovenian legislation is harmonized. The assessment of the state of collection of environmental and health data showed that data are comparable in time from 2002 to 2015. The disadvantage of collecting these data is the diversification of data by databases. In assessing the availability of routinely collected environmental and health data, we found that the data are not of high quality in order to use them for a comprehensive analysis, since they are collected at different levels and are not intended to integrate health and environmental data. Discussion and conclusion: A comprehensive approach to the preparation of environmental indicators in the case of ambient air quality in the DPSEEA model would require more accurate data (spatial and temporal resolution) on air pollution levels at the local level, a wider array of health data resulting from contaminated air, more accurate data on traffic loads and the number of households regarding the use of wood biomass and the age of the combustion plant.

• Keywords: comprehensive assessment model, environmental indicators, DPSIR, DPSEEA, ambient air quality