Odpornost proti antibiotikom pri probiotičnih bakterijah

Stražišar, Neža (author), Bogovič Matijašić, Bojana (mentor)

Številne študije so potrdile ugoden vpliv uporabe probiotikov na gostitelja, tako pri ljudeh kot pri živalih. Uporaba probiotikov po vsem svetu narašča. V zadnjem času pa so znanstveniki začeli opozarjati na to, da tudi ti namerno zaužiti mikroorganizmi lahko predstavljajo potencialni vir genov za odpornost proti antibiotikom, ki se lahko prenašajo med bakterijami različnih vrst. Evropska agencija za varnost hrane EFSA (angl. European Food Safety Authority) v okviru koncepta QPS (angl. Qualified Presumption of Safety) skrbi, da se v živilih in prehranskih dopolnilih uporabljajo le tiste vrste bakterij, ki so varne, poleg tega pa je med kriteriji varnosti omenjena tudi odsotnost prenosljivih genov za odpornost proti antibiotikom. To je mogoče zagotoviti le z ugotavljanjem prisotnosti z odpornostjo proti antibiotikom povezanih genov v celotnih genomih posameznih sevov. Danes je postalo dostopno ugotavljanje nukleotidnega zaporedja celotnih bakterijskih genomov, v preteklosti pa so se posluževali zgolj fenotipskega testiranja. Razen intrinzične oziroma naravne odpornosti so pri mnogih sevih bakterij iz rodov Lactobacillus in Bifidobacterium, iz katerih izhajajo tudi številni probiotiki, odkrili tudi pridobljene gene za odpornost, med katerimi prednjačijo tisti za odpornost proti eritromicinu, tetraciklinom in aminoglikozidom. Prenos nekaterih takih genov, na primer prenos gena za odpornost proti vankomicinu, med enterokoki in laktobacili, so opazili tudi in vitro in in vivo v miših. Prenosa genov za odpornost proti antibiotikov iz mlečnokislinskih bakterij ali bifidobakterij v patogene in vivo še niso dokazali, potencialne nevarnosti pa ne moremo izključiti. Zato je zelo pomembna redna kontrola probiotičnih bakterij v izdelkih na trgu, ki zajema tudi ugotavljanje fenotipske in genotipske odpornosti proti antibiotikom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: biotehnologija, probiotiki, prenos odpornosti, odpornost proti antibiotikom
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [N. Stražišar]
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103955
• UDC: 577.181:615.015.8(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 9060217
• Publication date in RUL: 29.09.2018

STRAŽIŠAR, Neža, 2018, Odpornost proti antibiotikom pri probiotičnih bakterijah [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. N. Stražišar. [Accessed 30 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=103955

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Antibiotic resistance among probiotic bacteria

Abstract

A number of studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of the use of probiotics on the host, both in humans and in animals. The use of probiotics worldwide is rising. Lately, scientists have begun to warn that even deliberately ingested microorganisms can present a potential source of antibiotic resistance genes that can be transmitted among bacteria of various species. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), within the framework of the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) concept, ensures that only those species of bacteria that are safe are used in foods and dietary supplements, and beside this, also the absence of transferable antibiotic resistance genes is mentioned. This can be assured only by determination of the presence of the genes associated with antibiotic resistance in the entire genomes of individual strains. Nowadays, the detection of the nucleotide sequences of total bacterial genomes has become available, and in the past phenotypic testing was only performed. Apart from intrinsic or natural resistance, the acquired resistance genes were found in many strains of bacteria from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, among which those for erythromycin, tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistances predominate. The transfer of some antibiotic resistance genes, for example the transfer of the vancomycin resistance gene between enterococci and lactobacilli, have also been observed in vitro and in vivo in mice. The transmission of antibiotic resistance genes from lactic acid bacteria or bifidobacteria to pathogens in vivo has not been demonstrated yet, and potential risks can not be ruled out. For this reason regular control of probiotic bacteria on the market is very important, which also includes the identification of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to antibiotics.

• Keywords: biotechnology, probiotics, transfer, antibiotic resistance