Razvoj združbe strig (Chilopoda) ob ekosistemskih motnjah gozda

Lovšin, Lidija (author), Kos, Ivan (mentor)

V zmerno klimatskem gozdu v dinarski biogeografski regiji smo zasnovali poskus na mestu začetne razvojne faze gozda. Ugotavljali smo ali se vrstna sestava združbe strig (in nekaterih drugih nevretenčarjev) spreminja ob razvoju gozdnega sestoja. Strige so v omenjenem gozdu najštevilčejši predatorji med velikimi nevretečarji, z visoko biodiverziteto in več let dolgim življenjem. Poseko, nastalo po antropogenem posegu, smo uporabili kot vzorčno mesto za opazovanje sezonskih sprememb številčnosti nevretenčarjev, ki smo jih lovili s talnimi pastmi, prirejenimi z vodili, od maja do septembra 2016. V pasti se je ujelo 376 strig, 187 ob prehodu na poseko (največ na zahodnem in najmanj na vzhodnem robu) in 189 ob prehodu s poseke v gozd (največ na zahodnem robu). Pripadale so 21 vrstam iz treh redov: Scolopendromorpha (4 vrste iz družine Cryptopidae), Lithobiomorpha (15 vrst iz družine Lithobiidae) in Geophilomorpha (dve vrsti iz družine Dignatodontidae). V obe smeri je prehajalo 14 vrst strig, 5 vrst je prehajalo le iz gozda na poseko in dve le s poseke v gozd. Najštevilčnejše so bile strige iz družine Lithobiidae, za katere je znano, da se gibljejo po površju, za razliko od ostalih predstavnikov, ki se gibljejo pretežno v prsti. Strige, na območju začetne razvojne faze gozda, so prehajale s poseke in na njo vse leto, z opaznimi razlikami v številčnosti prehodov med posameznimi robovi poseke. Tudi pojavljanje in številčnost drugih nevretenčarjev se je tekom sezone spreminjalo na vseh štirih robovih poseke. Sezonske spremembe v številčnosti smo ugotavljali za redove Araneae, Opiliones, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Blattaria, Diplopoda in Isopoda. Metoda lova s talnimi pastmi je selektivna in primerna za lov nevretenčarjev, ki se večinoma gibljejo po površju, ne pod njim. Za popolnejši popis nevretenčarske favne bi zato morali uporabiti tudi druge metode lova. Predvidevamo, da so ključni dejavniki za pojavljanje nevretenčarjev senčnost določenih mest začetne razvojne faze gozda, osvetljenost na poseki, temperatura zraka in vlažnost tal. Predvidevamo tudi, da so nekatere vrste strig temperaturno in na izsušitev občutljivejše od drugih in se zato vrstna sestava tekom leta spreminja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ekosistemska dinamika, dinarski gozd, začeta razvojna faza gozda, migracija, favna nevretenčarjev, gozdna presvetlitev, gozdni rob, začetna razvojna faza gozda
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103708
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4928335
• Publication date in RUL: 23.09.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Forest ecosystem disturbances and development of centipede (Chilopoda) community

Abstract

We initiated a field experiment in a temperate climate forest in the Dinaric biogeographic region focusing on changes in species composition of arthropoda community with emphasis on centipede in correlation with changing environment in forest initial development phase (clearing). Centipedes are most abundant macropedofaunal predators in these forests known for high biodiversity and longevity. As experimental site we used clearing created by clearcutting on which we picked samples and observed seasonal changes in abundancy of arthropoda specimens. On experiment site in Goteniška gora we set pitfall traps 10–15 m distant from forest edge to be able to compare migrations of centipede and other arthropoda ordos from forest stand to clearing and in opposite direction. We caught 376 specimens of centipede in pitfall traps, 187 of which were caught in direction toward clearing and 189 in direction toward forest. Altogether 21 centipede species were found from genra Scolopendromorpha (4 species of familia Cryptopidae), Lithobiomorpha (15 species of familia Lithobiidae) and Geophilomorpha (2 species of familia Dignatodontidae). 14 species were found to migrate in both directions, 5 migrated only in direction toward clearing and 2 in direction into the forest. Of those centipede specimens caught most were Lithobiidae which are known for mainly moving on soil surface whereas other specimens are mainly found in soil. Centipede specimens migrate toward clearing and into the forest throughout the season depending on environmental conditions in clearing. Abundancy and occurance of other investigated arthropoda ordos (Araneae, Opiliones, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Blattaria, Diplopoda, Isopoda) was likewise changing throughout the season in correlation with environmental changes. Pitfall traping method is selective and appropriate for surface migrating arthropoda specimens. For complete survey of arthropoda community in clearing other traping methods should also be included. We assume that key factors of arthropoda occurance are environmental temperature and ground moisture and that some centipede species are more sensitive to higher temperatures than others which might be the reason for changing abudancy of specimens from May to September.

• Keywords: ecosystem disturbance, forest clearing pedofauna, arthropod pedofauna, arthropod fauna migration, canopy opening, forest edge, arthropod fauna migrations, forest initial phase