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Naj imajo živali in rastline pravice?
ID Pavlovič, Urška (Author), ID Pličanič, Senko (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Da lahko nekemu bitju ali entiteti podelimo pravno priznano pravico, ji moremo najprej podeliti pravno subjektiviteto. Pravna subjektiviteta in hkrati tudi koncepcija pravic sta plod človekove ustvarjalnosti in njegovega urejanja sveta. S človeškim razvojem tekom zgodovine je vedno več takrat še brezpravnih subjektov (sužnji, ženske...) začelo dobivati pravice, ki jih lahko pravno uveljavljajo. Do približno 20. stoletja ni bilo posebnih dvomov, da so pravice lahko zgolj človekove pravice. Skozi čas pa se začnejo pojavljati pomisleki o samoumevnosti slednjega in človek začne odkrivati, da obstajajo argumentirani razlogi, da se okvir pravno priznanih pravic začne širiti, namesto da ostane omejen zgolj na ljudi. Tudi živali in rastline imajo interese, ki jih je več kot upravičeno možno pravno zavarovati. Kljub vedno večjim pobudam nevladnih organizacij in političnim trendom, ostaja pravo še vedno dokaj togo; še vedno je zakonodajalcem težko sprejeti razširjene teorije o pravicah drugih bitij, čeprav vedno več utemeljenih argumentov govori v prid tem teorijam. Pozitivno pravo in pravna teorija pretežno govorita o varovanju, ščitenju in ohranjanju živalstva ter rastlinstva – brez izrecnih poimenovanj »pravica« in »pravna subjektiviteta« v kontekstu z živalmi in rastlinami, kar je še vedno pisano v precej antropocentrističnem duhu. Vendar črnogledost pri tej, izjemno pomembni tematiki za sodobni čas, navsezadnje ni potrebna, saj zakonodaja oz. zakonodajalci z urejanjem teh področij pravzaprav na nek način vsaj posredno priznavajo pravice živalim in rastlinam. V sodobnem času pa lahko pričakujemo in tudi že dobivamo bolj nedvoumna priznanja pravic drugim entitetam okoli nas.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:pravica, pravna subjektiviteta, pravice živali, pravice rastlin, varovanje okolja, pravo varstva okolja, širitev okvirja pravic, naravovarstvena zakonodaja, antropocentrizem, ekocentrizem
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Year:2018
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-103486 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:16393809 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:19.09.2018
Views:2224
Downloads:568
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Should animals and plants have rights?
Abstract:
In order to confer a legally recognized right to a being or an entity, we must first grant it a legal subjectivity. Legal subjectivity, and at the same time the concept of rights, is the fruit of human creativity and its regulation of the world. With human development in the course of history, more and more disenfranchised subjects (slaves, women ...) began to gain rights that can be legally enforced. By the 20th century, there were no particular doubts that rights could only be human rights. Over time, however, doubts arise as to the self-evidentness of the latter, and humans begin to discover that there are argued reasons for the framework of legally recognized rights to expand, and not being limited to mere people. Animals and plants also have interests that are more than justifiably possible to protect legally. Despite the increasing incentives of NGOs and political trends, the law remains fairly rigid; it is still difficult for legislators to accept widespread theories about the rights of other beings, even if more substantiated arguments speak in favor of these theories. Positive law and legal theory predominantly speak about the protection, safeguarding and preservation of animal and plant life - without the explicit naming of "right" and "legal subjectivity" in the context of animals and plants, which is still written in a rather anthropocentric spirit. However, pessimism in this very important topic for modern times is ultimately not necessary, since legislation or legislators by regulating these areas, in some ways at least, indirectly recognize the rights of animals and plants. In modern times, however, we can expect and are receiving more unequivocal recognition of rights to other entities around us.

Keywords:right, legal subjectivity, animal rights, plant rights, environmental protection, environmental law, the extension of the rights framework, nature conservation legislation, anthropocentrism, ecocentrism

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