Uporaba prehranskih dopolnil za povečanje koncentracije ketonskih teles

Križnik, Nina (author), Prislan, Iztok (mentor)

Vedno bolj se zavedamo, da je način prehranjevanja ključen za naše zdravje. Čeprav obstajajo splošna priporočila javnega zdravja za zdravo prehrano in strokovna priporočila klinične prehrane, ki so izhodišče za personalizirano prehrano, laična javnost posega tudi po drugih načinih prehranjevanja in dietah v prepričanju, da bodo pozitivno učinkovala na delovanje človeškega telesa. Eden od tovrstnih načinov prehranjevanja je ketogena dieta. Pri prehranjevanju s ketogeno dieto se zaradi pomanjkanja glukoze spremeni presnova in s tem pride do tvorbe ketonskih teles (aceton, acetoacetat in D-β-hidroksibutirat). Tovrstno stanje, ki ga imenujemo ketoza, laična javnost izkorišča predvsem za namen izgubljanje telesne mase, stroka pa tovrstnemu stanju pripisuje pozitivne učinke zgolj pri protiepileptičnem delovanju in zdravljenju presnovnih motenj, kot sta pomanjkanje piruvatne dehidrogenaze in pomanjkanje transporterja glukoze. Ketogena dieta ima tudi negativne plati, kot so neugoden vpliv na kosti, prebavne motnje, dislipidemija in problem kompliance. Zato je pri izvajanju tovrstnega načina prehranjevanja potreben zdravniški nadzor. Pomanjkljivost tovrstne diete je še dodatno stroga omejitev vnosa hranil, ki je v nasprotju s priporočili javnega zdravja o pestri prehrani. Pri proučevanje vplivov ketogene diete se raziskuje tudi možnost, da bi z dodajanjem prehranskih dopolnil, ki povečujejo koncentracijo ketonskih teles, presegli posledice ketogene diete, ki predstavljajo zdravstveno tveganje. Vendar imajo tudi tovrstna prehranska dopolnila pomanjkljivosti, med katerimi so morebiten problem preobremenitve telesa s soljo, neugodna senzorika in potreba po rednem doziranju za ohranjanje želene koncentracije ketonskih teles. Ker sta proučevanje in razvoj prehranskih dopolnil za povečanje koncentracije ketonskih teles še v povojih, mehanizem njihovega delovanja v telesu še ni popolnoma znan. Tako se ob pomanjkanju razumevanja njihovega delovanja ni mogoče opredeliti do tega, ali je dolgoročna uporaba le-teh smiselna in varna oziroma ali so tovrstna dopolnila ustrezna alternativa ketogeni dieti. Da bi si v prihodnje odgovorili na to vprašanje, predlagamo nadaljnje raziskovanje delovanja prehranskih dopolnil za povečanje koncentracije ketonskih teles, predvsem z vidika njihovega potencialnega učinka na zdravje in dolgoročnega vpliva na človeško telo. Šele takrat bo razvidno, ali je uporaba prehranskih dopolnil, ki pripomorejo k vzpostavljanju povečane koncentracije ketonskih teles, zdravstveno varna in ima možnost dodatne vloge v prehrani.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prehrana, ketogena dieta, presnova, ketonska telesa, prehranska dopolnila
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [N. Križnik]
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103133
• UDC: 613.2:615.874.2:612.397
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4949112
• Publication date in RUL: 14.09.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Use of dietary supplements to enhance the concentration of ketone bodies

Abstract

Nutrition is becoming recognised as a crucial health factor. Therefore experts have established dietary guidelines for a healthy diet and clinical nutrition is targeting individual nutritional needs as a health measure. Nevertheless, some individuals practice different nutrition regimes in faith of their hypothetical positive effects on the human body. One of these popular diets is a ketogenic diet. By following the ketogenic diet, metabolism changes and because of glucose deprivation ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate) start to form. State of ketosis some individuals practice as a weight loss therapy, but medicine acknowledges only its anti-epileptic effect and its aspect on remedy of specific metabolic disorders, which are pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and glucose transporter deficiency syndrome. However, there are also some side effects of this diet regarding its impact on bones, digestive problems, dyslipidemia and effects regarding compliance. Therefore medical supervision is necessary for ketogenic diet therapy. Another disadvantage of the diet is also strict restriction of carbohydrate intake, which is not supported by official dietary guidelines. Therefore experts have started to study dietary supplements which increase the concentration of ketone bodies as an approach to overcome the negative ketogenic diet aspects that represent health risks. But also those have their drawbacks in ways of possible overload of salt intake, unpleasant flavour and regular consumption in order to maintain the desired ketone bodies concentration. Due to research of supplements that increase ketone bodies concentration being in its earliest stage, the mechanism of said supplements is still to be explored in details. Therefore it is not yet possible to assess whether formation of ketone bodies by dietary supplements intake is in long-term view reasonable and safe or if it is an alternative to the ketogenic diet. In order to find an answer to the initial question, it is concluded that future studies are to be carried out, especially in sense of supplements potential impact on health and its long-term impact on the human body. Only then it will be evident whether use of these dietary supplements is safe and if those supplements have potential use in human diet.

• Keywords: diet, ketogenic diet, metabolism, ketone bodies, dietary supplements