Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass per unit of volume. It results in reduced bone density, weakness and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures.
Regular physical exercise is one of the most important factors that can influence the increase and preservation of bone mass and mineral bone density throughout life.
In recent years, many studies have focused on determining which type of exercise and what intensity, duration and frequency of exercise would be best for improving bone health of osteopenic and osteoporotic individuals. The results of recent studies show that progressive strength training and high-impact training have the most pronounced osteogenic effect and can maximize bone strength. In addition, it is also important to note that high intensity training has been found to have superior effects compared to low intensity training.
For the prevention and treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis, it is recommended to use a multifunctional training program. The program should include progressive strength training, postural exercises, balance and coordination training, and, if not contraindicated, high-impact training. The exercise program should be conducted at least twice to four times a week with intensity being at least moderate to high.
Of course, the program must also be designed in accordance with the individual's abilities, needs, desires and the degree of risk for osteoporotic fractures. That is the only way to ensure the safety of the patient and his adherence to the training program.
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