Vpliv slikovnih gradiv kot učnih pripomočkov na porabo energije predšolskih otrok pri organizirani športni vadbi : diplomsko delo

Bedenk, Jan (author), Videmšek, Mateja (mentor)

Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pomočjo merilnika porabe energije ugotoviti razlike v porabi energije in številu opravljenih korakov pri organizirani športni dejavnosti predšolskih otrok ob uporabi slikovnih gradiv in brez njih. Zanimalo nas je tudi, če prihaja do značilnih razlik pri porabi energije in številu korakov med starostnima skupinama dve- do štiriletnih otrok in štiri- do šestletnih otrok na vadbah brez in z uporabo slikovnih gradiv. Za pridobivanje podatkov smo si pomagali z uporabo merilnikov porabe energije BodyMedia Core SenseWear. V vzorec je bilo vključenih 20 otrok, od tega 10 otrok starosti od 2. do 4. leta in 10 otrok od 4. do 6. leta. Podatki so bili obdelani s pomočjo statističnega programa SPSS; hipoteze pri raziskovalni nalogi smo preverjali s t-testom za ponovljene meritve. Rezultati so pokazali, da prihaja do statistično značilnih razlik pri vseh pokazateljih, tako po opravljenem številu korakov kot pri aktivni in skupni porabi energije. Ugotovili smo, da se je skupno na vadbi s slikovnimi gradivi opravilo 241 korakov več kot na vadbi brez uporabe slik. Pri vadbi za starostno skupino 2- do 4-letnikov je bilo opravljenih v povprečju 86 korakov več, ko so bile uporabljene slike, pri starostni skupini 4- do 6-letnikov pa v povprečju 369 korakov več na vadbi s slikami. Ugotovili smo tudi, da se je povečala skupna poraba energije. Pri obeh skupinah skupaj je bila poraba energije povečana za 201,6 kJ na vadbi s slikami kot na vadbi brez njih. Pri starostni skupini 2- do 4-letnikov je bilo povečanje za 141,3 kJ, pri 4- do 6-letnikih pa 261,9 kJ, ko so bila uporabljena slikovna gradiva. Večja je bila tudi aktivna poraba energije (intenzivnost >3.0 MET) pri vseh 20ih udeležencih, ko so bile uporabljen slike (238kJ več kot pri vadbi brez slik). Pri 2- do 4-letnikih je bila aktivna poraba večja za 131,4 kJ, pri 4- do 6-letnikih pa 344,6 kJ. 4- do 6-letni otroci so porabili statistično značilno več skupne energije na vadbah s slikami (1197,5 kJ) in brez (935,6 kJ) kot 2- do 4-letni otroci (547,4 kJ – vadba brez slik in 688,7 kJ – vadba s slikami). Aktivne energije so starejši otroci porabili več le na vadbi ob prisotnosti slik, medtem ko do statisitično značilnih razlik ni prihajalo pri aktivni porabi energije na vadbi brez slik ter pri številu korakov na obeh vadbah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: predšolski otroci, poraba energije, intenzivnost telesne dejavnosti, učni pripomočki, slikovna gradiva
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-102253
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5381553
• Publication date in RUL: 28.07.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Influence of visual teaching aids on energy expenditure of preschool children in an organized sports activity

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis was to measure the difference in energy expenditure and the number of steps with the help of an energy expenditure tracker in sports activities of preschool children regarding teaching with visual aids or without them. We were also looking for statistical differences in energy expenditure and steps made between 2—4 and 4—6 year olds in exercise units with and without visual aids. For the purpose of gaining data we used the BodyMedia Core SenseWear energy expenditure meter. The sample included 20 children aged between 2 and 6 years, of which 10 were aged between 2 and 4 years and 10 between 4 and 6 years. The data was processed with the help of the statistics program SPSS; the hypothesis of this thesis was verified with a t-test for paired samples. The research showed that there are significant differences in all of the energy expenditure indicators when using visual aids or when visual aids were not used. The tendency for the existence of characteristic differences was recorded in the number of steps, active energy expenditure and total energy expenditure. We have found out that when visual aids were used the overal number of steps in both groups increased for 241 steps. When only looking at the age group of 2 to 4 year olds it increased for 86 steps on average, and when looking at the age group of 4 to 6 year old children 369 steps more were made on average when visual aids were used. The total energy expenditure rose as well, the overall increase was 201,6 kJ, while the increase of 2 to 4 year olds was 141,3 kJ and 261,9 kJ for 4 to 6 year olds when using visual aids. The increase was also noticeable in the active energy expenditure (intensity >3.0MET). The overall increase was 238kJ, 2 to 4 year olds increased their active energy expenditure by 131,4 kJ, while 4 to 6 year olds increased it by 344,6 kJ. Children aged 4 to 6 expended statisticaly more total energy in both exercise units (with visual aids - 1197,5 and without visual aids - 935,6 kJ) than children aged 2 to 4 ( withvisual aids - 688,7 kJ, without visual aids - 547,4 kJ). Older children expended more active energy only in the exercise unit where visual aids were used. No significant statistical difference was found in active energy expenditure between 2 to 4 and 4 to 6 year olds in the exercise unit where visaul aids were not used, as no important statistical difference was found in both exercise units in the number of steps both groups had taken.

• Keywords: preschool children, energy expenditure, intensity of physical activity, teaching aids, visual aids