Zdravstvena nega pacienta po vstavitvi umetnega srca v enoti intenzivnega zdravljenja : diplomsko delo

Mühlbauer, Katja (author), Ravljen, Mirjam (mentor)

Uvod: Srčno popuščanje je dobro poznan problem javnega zdravja z visoko stopnjo umrljivosti pacientov. Je stanje v katerem srce ne more črpati dovolj krvi in kisika potrebnega za delovanje organizma. Mnogim pacientom je presaditev srca dokončna terapija, ko imajo napredovalo srčno popuščanje. Zaradi pomanjkanja darovalcev organov, obstaja za paciente velika nevarnost nadaljnje dekompenzacije in pogosta smrt. Pomanjkanje darovalcev je privedlo do razvoja učinkovitih mehanskih žilnih podpor. Vsaditev celotnega umetnega srca je ena od možnosti kirurškega zdravljenja in predstavlja most do presaditve srca. Umetno srce nudi mehansko žilno podporo pri dekompenziranih pacientih z odpovedjo srca. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na teoretični ravni predstaviti zdravstveno nego pacienta po vstavitvi umetnega srca v enoti intenzivnega zdravljenja. Metode dela: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela s kritičnim pregledom slovenske in tuje strokovne ter znanstvene literature. Temeljno literaturo smo iskali po podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE in Cochrane Collaboration preko oddaljenega dostopa Zdravstvene fakultete v Ljubljani. Iskanje relevantne literature je potekalo tudi preko vzajemne bibliografsko kataložne baze podatkov in svetovnega spleta Google Učenjak. Uporabljena je objavljena literatura od leta 2005 do 2017. Razprava in sklep: Transplantacija srca, kot najboljša in najhitrejša rešitev napredovalnega srčnega popuščanja, žal pri vseh pacientih takoj ni možna. Ena izmed rešitev je vstavitev začasnega umetnega srca, pri katerem pacientov ventrikel nadomesti pogon umetnega srca. Po operaciji pacient potrebuje pomoč pri izvajanju vseh temeljnih življenjskih aktivnosti. Najbolj pa so izpostavljene dihanje in krvni obtok, vzdrževanje normalne telesne temperature, prehranjevanje in pitje, izločanje in odvajanje, osebna higiena in urejenost, spanje in počitek, gibanje in ustrezna lega. Medicinska sestra za izvajanje kakovostne zdravstvene nege potrebuje znanje, spretnosti in izkušnje, zato je pomembno kontinuirano pridobivanje novih znanj.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: mehanski podporni sistemi, srčno popuščanje, negovalne diagnoze, vloga medicinske sestre
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-101673
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5453163
• Publication date in RUL: 24.06.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Nursing care of patient after insertion of artificial heart in the intensive care unit : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure is a well-known public health problem with a high mortality rate for patients. It is a condition in which the heart can not draw enough blood and oxygen needed for the functioning of the organism. Many patients have a heart transplant ultimate therapy when they have advanced heart failure. Due to the lack of organ donors, there is a great risk for further decompensation and frequent deaths for patients. The lack of donors has led to the development of effective mechanical vascular support. The implantation of the entire artificial heart is one of the possibilities of surgical treatment and represents the bridge to heart transplantation. Artificial heart provides mechanical vascular support in decompensated patients with heart failure. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to present the patient medical care at the theoretical level after the insertion of an artificial heart in the intensive care unit. Methods: Descriptive method of work is be used with a critical overview of slovene and foreign professional and scientific literature. The basic literature was searched using the CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration databases through remote access to the Faculty of Medicine for Nurses in Ljubljana. The publication of relevant literature is also through a reciprocal bibliographic catalog database and the Google Scholarly Web of Science. The published litter was used from 2005 to 2017. Discussion and conclusion: Unfortunately, heart transplantation, as the best and fastest solution for advanced heart failure, is not immediately possible for all patients. One solutions is to insert a temporary artifical of the heart in which the patient's chamber replaces the artificial heartbeat. After the operation, the patient needs help in performing all the basic activities. The most important are exposed to respiration, maintaining normal body temperature, eating and drinking, secreting and separating, personal hygiene and orderliness, sleep and rest, movement and the appropriate position of the patient. The nurse caring for nursing needs knowledge, skills and experience, and it is important to constantly gain new knowledge.

• Keywords: mechanical support systems, heart failure, nursing diagnosis, the role of a nurse