Vpliv različnih kognitivnih nalog na izid vstani in pojdi testa pri aktivnih starejših osebah

Valenčič, Klara (author), Rugelj, Darja (mentor)

Uvod: Ravnotežje je spretnost, pri kateri v starosti zaradi anatomskih in fizioloških sprememb pride do odstopanj, ki so posledica zmanjšanega priliva v senzorični sistem, osrednje živčevje in živčno-mišični sistem. Z nadzorom drže je povezana kognicija, njen del pa je tudi deljena pozornost. To je sposobnost preklapljanja med različnimi nalogami, ki jo lahko proučujemo z izvajanjem dvojne naloge. Posledica slednje je upad pri eni ali obeh nalogah, kar je strošek deljene pozornosti. Z namenom ugotovitve kolikšen del pozornosti je namenjen kontroli drže so dodatno kognitivno nalogo dodali tudi časovno merjenemu vstani in pojdi (VIP) testu. To je preprost, hitro izvedljiv, funkcionalen test mobilnosti, primeren za starejše osebe. Različne kognitivne naloge, ki se uporabljajo sočasno z VIP testom, se procesirajo v različnih predelih osrednjega živčevja. Namen: Naš namen je bil ugotoviti ali obstajajo razlike med tremi kognitivnimi nalogami ter katera izmed njih ima največji vpliv na hitrost izvedbe VIP testa. Metode dela: Sodelovalo je 21 aktivnih starejših oseb. Vsak testirani je izvedel 4 različne teste: klasičen časovno merjeni VIP test ter časovno merjeni VIP test z dodatno nalogo enkrat z odštevanjem števila 3, drugič z odštevanjem števila 7 in tretjič z naštevanjem živali. Merili smo čas potreben za dokončanje VIP testa in število opravljenih operacij pri dodatnih nalogah. Rezultati: Povprečna starost preiskovancev je bila 69,6 ± 7,7 let. Časi izvedbe VIP testa z dodano dodatno nalogo so bili pomembno (F = 231,1; p < 0,05) daljši kot pri VIP testu brez kognitivne naloge. Pri povprečnem številu opravljenih operacij velja statistično pomembna razlika (F = 120,98; p < 0,05). Med dodatnimi nalogami so preiskovanci opravili najmanjše število operacij in potrebovali največ časa pri VIP testu z odštevanjem števila 7 (2,5 ± 1,8; 9,9 s ± 3,6 s), največ naštetih operacij in najmanj časa pa so potrebovali pri naštevanju živali (4,8 ± 1,6; 9,3 s ± 2,8 s). Strošek deljene pozornosti je bil največji pri dodatni nalogi odštevanja števila 7 (34% ± 28,6%), najmanjši pa pri naštevanju živali (26% ± 24,5%). Primerjava rezultatov VIP testa z različnimi kognitivnimi nalogami je pokazala dobro in statistično pomembno podobnost med časi testov z dodatno nalogo (r = 0,86 – 0,95; p < 0,05). Razprava in sklep: Glede na majhne razlike v strošku deljene pozornosti in odlične korelacije med testi lahko sklepamo, da je vseeno katero dodatno kognitivno nalogo uporabimo pri izvedbi časovno merjenega VIP testa z dodatno kognitivno nalogo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Vstani in pojdi test, dodatna naloga, deljena pozornost, naloga odštevanja, strošek deljene pozornosti
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-101438
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5438315
• Publication date in RUL: 02.06.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effect of different cognitive tasks on timed up and go test result of active older adults

Abstract

Introduction: Balance is an ability that can be reduced with age due to anatomical and physiological changes resulting from reduced inflow into the sensory system, central nervous system and neuro-muscular system. Cognition is connected with the postural control and its part is also a divided attention. This is the ability to switch between different tasks, which can be studied by performing dual task condition. The result of the latter is a decline in one or both tasks; this is dual-task cost. In order to find out what part of the attention is meant for controlling the posture, the additional cognitive task to the Timed up and go (TUG) test was added. This is a simple, fast-performing, functional mobility test suitable for elderly people. Various cognitive dual tasks that are used during TUG test are processed in different areas of central nervous system. Purpose: The purpose of our work was to find out if there are any differences between the three different cognitive tasks and which of them has the most influence on TUG test. Methods: We tested 21 active elderly people. Each of them participated in 4 different tests: a classic TUG test, TUG test with cognitive task with subtraction of number 3 and 7 and listing the animals. We measured the time needed to complete the TUG test and the number of operations performed at each dual task. Results: The average age of participations was 69,6 ± 7,7 years. The times needed to perform TUG test with dual task were significantly (F = 231,1; p < 0,05) longer than times needed for TUG test without dual task. The average number of operations performed has statistically significant difference (F = 120,98; p < 0,05). Among the additional tasks, the subjects performed the smallest number of operations and needed the most time in the TUG test by subtraction of the number 7 (2,5 ± 1,8; 9, 9s ± 3,6 s), the highest number of operations and the minimum time was needed to perform TUG test with listing animals (4,8 ± 1,6; 9,3 s ± 2,8 s). Dual task cost was the largest at the additional task with subtracting the number 7 (34 % ± 28,6 %) and the lowest at listing animals (26 % ± 24,5 %). A comparison of the results of the VIP test with various cognitive tasks showed a good and statistically significant correlation between the times of the tests with an additional task (r = 0,86 – 0,95; p < 0,05). Discussion and conclusion: Given the small differences in the dual task cost and excellent correlation between the tests, we can conclude, that any additional cognitive task can be used in the implementation of TUG test with dual task.

• Keywords: Timed up and go test, dual task, divided attention, subtraction task, dual task cost