Vpliv ekološke in konvencionalne reje na obnašanje srnaste pasme koz

Sušnik, Lucija (author), Zupan, Manja (mentor)

V želji po boljšem razumevanju obnašanja in zagotavljanja dobrega počutja koz v različnih sistemih uhlevitve, smo v nalogi preučevali obnašanje koz slovenske srnaste pasme v hlevsko-pašni reji, znotraj katere smo imeli ekološki (EKO) in konvencionalni (KON) način reje. Splošno gledano je ekološka reja usmerjena k večji kakovosti bivanja živali in zagotavljanju etoloških potreb živali medtem ko konvencionalna reja živali stremi k čim večji prireji živalskih proizvodov. Poskus se je izvajal na Pedagoško raziskovalnem centru za živinorejo v Logatcu med junijem in septembrom, opazovanje pa se je izvajalo 20 dni, 5 dni na mesec. V poskus je bilo vključenih 57 koz, od tega 27 koz EKO reje in 30 koz KON reje, povprečne starosti 2 leti. Obnašanje smo spremljali na molzišču in v hlevu, izpustu, pašniku in sicer z direktnim opazovanjem in s pomočjo GPS sprejemnikov. Pašnik je bil razdeljen na odseke A (napajalnik), B (čohalo), C (EKO reja-podest) in D (EKO reja-vejevje). EKO kozam so bili v hlevu, izpustu in odsekih postavljeni določeni elementi z namenom zagotavljanja etoloških potreb (vzdignjen podest v hlevu in na pašniku, odmrlo drevo v izpustu, vejevje na pašniku). Koze so izražale specifičen dnevni ritem - zjutraj so poležavale v izpustu, popoldan so se pasle na pašniku. Najdaljša prehojena razdalja in najdaljše zadrževanje na pašniku je bilo zabeleženo v juniju, ko je bilo najbolj ugodno vreme in pestra botanična sestava trave. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je način izvajanja molže vplival na čas molže in obenem pozitivno koreliral na dnevno količino mleka ter da so nadrejene koze z večjo količino mleka po lastni volji prišle prve na molzišče. Med rejama smo ugotovili sledeče razlike: EKO koze so se pogosteje zadrževale v hlevu (P = 0,0007), najverjetneje zaradi možnosti uporabe podesta, in več na pašniku; odseku A (P = 0,0920), B(P = 0,0121), C (P = 0,1602) in D (P < 0,0001), kjer so se počasneje gibale (EKO 3,7 ± 0,5 km/h, KON 3,9 ± 0,6 km/h, P = 0,01), kakor KON koze in izvajale več nege z objektom (P < 0,0001). Rezultati kažejo na to, da je ekološka reja vplivala na večje izražanje vrsti specifičnega obnašanja, vključno s komfortnim obnašanjem, in daljše zadrževanje koz v hlevu in na pašniku kot v konvencionalni reji.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: koze, srnasta pasma, ekološka reja, konvencionalna reja, etologija, obnašanje živali
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-101174
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4071816
• Publication date in RUL: 09.05.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The influence of organic and conventional farming systems on the behaviour of the Alpine goats

Abstract

To better understand goat behaviour and to improve their welfare we investigated the behaviour of Slovenian Alpine goat breed in the stable and on the pasture. Goats were housed following ecological (ECO) or conventional (KON) farming systems. Generally speaking, ecological farming system fulfils the ethological needs of an animal better while conventional system is more focused on the production of an animal. The experiment was carried out at the Educational Research Centre for Animal Husbandry Logatec and lasted for 20 days between June and September, 5 days a month. It involved 57 two year-old goats, 27 from EKO system and 30 from KON system. We recorded the behaviour at the milking parlour and in the stable, outdoor run or on the pasture, using direct observations or by means of GPS receivers. The pasture was divided into sections A (wather supply), B (brush), C (EKO system-pedestal) and D (EKO system-branches). EKO goats had certain elements in the sections for the purpose to satisfy their ethological needs (elevated platform in the stable, dead tree in outdoor run, elevated platform and branches on the pasture). Goats expressed a specific daily rhythm; in the morning they rested in the outdoor run while in the afternoon they were grazing. The longest distance travelled and the longest retention on pasture was recorded in June, in the month with the best weather conditions and the most varied botanical grass composition. We also found that the method of milking affected milking time and at the same time pozitive correlation on daily amount of milk and that the superior goats with a higher amount of milk came to the milking place by their free will first. The following main differences in behaviour we found between goats: EKO goats were more often observed in the stable (P = 0,0007), most likely due to the possibility of using the elevated platform, and more on the pasture; section A (P = 0,0920), B (P = 0,0121), C (P = 0,1602) and D (P < 0,0001), where they moved slowlier (ECO 3,7 ± 0,5 km/h, KON 3,9 ± 0,6 km/h, P = 0,01) as KON goats and performed more object care (P < 0,0001). The results indicate that organic farming positively influenced a greater variety of goat behaviours, including comfort behaviour, and a longer stay in the stable as well as on the pasture compared to conventional farming.

• Keywords: goats, Alpine goat breed, organic farming systems, conventional farming systems, ethology, animal behaviour