Sočutno starševstvo in vzgojni stili v eno- in dvostarševski družini : (magistrsko delo)

Novak, Petra (author), Poljak Lukek, Saša (mentor), Urh, Katarina (author), Presker, Martina (author)

Vzgoja otroka je ena izmed najtežjih vsebin življenja, v katero so starši neposredno vpleteni v procesu svojega delovanja. Otrok se rodi v že ustaljen sistem, ki si ga zakonca oziroma partnerja ustvarita še pred rojstvom otroka. Z vsakim novorojenim otrokom je treba vzpostaviti novo družinsko ravnovesje, da se bo družina lahko razvijala naprej. Pri razvoju otroka v družini ima najpomembnejšo vlogo odnos, ki ga starša vzpostavita z njim takoj ob njegovem rojstvu. Enako pomembno je tudi čustveno vzdušje, ki vlada v družinskem sistemu. Z magistrskim delom smo želeli poglobljeno raziskati doživljanje določenega čustva, kakšen pomen ima za posameznika, kakšno je ozadje pri izražanju čustva in kako se njegovo doživljanje prenaša iz generacije v generacijo. Pri raziskavi smo uporabili kvalitativno in kvantitativno metodo. S kvantitativno raziskavo smo dobili vpogled, kateri tip vzgoje pri slovenskih družinah prevladuje in koliko je izraženo emocionalno starševstvo. Raziskave se je prostovoljno udeležilo 392 (77,5 %) staršev iz dvostarševskih družin, 112 (22,5 %) pa iz enostarševskih. Ugotovili smo, da je v družinah, kjer starši svoje otroke vzgajajo avtoritativno, prisotne več čustvene uglašenosti med družinskimi člani in da med čustveno regulacijo in stilom starševstva v dvostarševski družini obstajajo statistično pomembne povezave tako pri stilu starševstva matere kot očeta. V dvostarševski družini je kakovost emocionalnega starševstva statistično pomembno višja kot v enostarševski družini. V obeh tipih družin prevladuje avtoritativni stil vzgoje, in to pri obeh spolih. Pri materah je kakovost emocionalnega starševstva statistično pomembno višja kot pri očetih, višja je tudi pri mlajših starših. Več permisivnosti je prisotne pri materah. Starši, ki so kakovost emocionalnega starševstva do svojih otrok ocenili višje, so statistično pomembno višje ocenili tudi kakovost emocionalnega starševstva svojih staršev. Drugi del naše raziskave je predstavljala kvalitativna metoda. Podatke, pridobljene s pomočjo intervjujev, smo analizirali s fenomenološkim pristopom. S to metodo smo dobili poglobljen vpogled v posameznikovo doživljanje določenega čustva in v doživljanje starševstva. Prav tako smo ugotavljali, ali se vzorci čustvenega odzivanja na določeno čustvo prenašajo iz primarne družine. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 11 staršev, 7 jih je prihajalo iz dvostarševskih družin, 4 pa iz enostarševskih. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 8 žensk in 3 moški, njihova povprečna starost je bila 35,4 leta. Zaključke, ki smo jih pridobili z raziskavo, je treba razumeti z upoštevanjem omejitve raziskovalnega vzorca, saj ima vsak posameznik svojo predstavo in način doživljanja in izražanja čustev in doživljanje starševstva na podlagi lastnih primarnih izkušenj ter na podlagi trenutne doživljajske situacije oziroma trenutnega počutja. Rezultati naše raziskave so pomemben prispevek k razvoju uveljavljanja sočutnega starševstva kot enega od novodobnih načinov vzgoje, kjer se starši pri vzgoji svojega otroka zavzemajo za zdrav razvoj čustvovanja. Otrok tako v odraslem obdobju svojih čustev ne zatira, ampak se uspešno spopada tako s težkimi čustvenimi impulzi kot tudi s tistimi, ki nas radostno zadovoljujejo in nas vodijo v uspešne in srečne posameznike. Prav tako daje naša raziskava možnost za nadaljnje raziskovanje na tem področju in za bolj podroben vpogled v posameznikovo doživljanje starševstva ter čustvene regulacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sočutno starševstvo, družina, razvoj družine, odnosi, regulacija čustev, čustva, vzgoja, vloga mame in očeta, možgani, stili vzgoje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: TEOF - Theological Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [P. Novak, M. Presker, K. Urh]
• Year: 2018
• Number of pages: IX, 271, CCCLXX
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-100529
• UDC: 316.362.1:159.922.2(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 7846746
• Publication date in RUL: 23.03.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Compassionate parenting and parenting styles in single and tradicional family

Abstract

Parenting is one of the most difficult life themes that the parents are actively involved with. The child is born into an already established system, which the spouses create even before the child is born. Every newborn child brings the need to create a new family balance for a future development of the family. The relationship that the parents establish with the child immediately after the birth plays the most important role in the child’s development. Prevailing emotional climate in the family is also equally important. With the MA Thesis we wanted thoroughly research how the individuals experience specific emotions and the personal importance of those emotions, the emotional background of expressing the feelings and how is experiencing of this emotion transmitted from generation to generation. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this research. Quantitative research method gave us an insight into which type of child rearing prevails in Slovenian families and the degree to which emotional parenting is expressed. Research population sample consists of 392 (77,5%) of nuclear family parents and 112 (22,5%) of single parent family parents who volunteered to participate in this research. We determined that in the families where the authoritative parenting style is present, there is a higher level of emotional connection among family members and that the parenting style of mothers and fathers in the nuclear family shows statistically significant connections between emotional regulation and style. There is a higher quality of emotional parenting in the nuclear families than in the single parent families. The authoritative parenting style prevails in both types of the families, it’s popular with both men and women. The quality of emotional parenting is statistically higher and more important to mothers than to fathers, it is also higher in families with younger parents. Mothers show a higher level of permissive parenting. Parents, who estimated the quality of the emotional parenting higher, also estimated the quality of the emotional parenting of their parents higher. Second part of our research represents the quantitative method. The data acquired through the interviews was analyzed through phenomenological approach. This method gave us an important insight into the experiencing of certain feelings and into the experience of parenting by the individuals. We also investigated if the patterns of emotional response to a certain feeling are transferred from the primary family. 11 parents participated in this research, 7 came from a nuclear families and 4 came from single parent families. 8 women and 3 men participated, the average age of the participants was 35,4 years. Results acquired with the research have to be understood by the limitations of the research sample, because every individual has their own concept and manner of experiencing and expressing feelings and expressing parenting from their own primary experience and based on their current situation or their emotional state of mind. The results of our research are an important contribution to the development of compassionate parenting as one of the contemporary approaches of parenting, with which parents contribute to the healthy emotional development of their children. Such child does not disregard his emotions as an adult, but he successfully confronts difficult emotional impulses and also those impulses that make us happy and leads us to become successful and happy individuals. Our research also allows possibility for further research in this field and for more detailed insight into individual’s experience of parenthood and emotional regulation.

• Keywords: emotional parenting, family, family development, relationship, emotional regulation, emotions, parenting, mother’s and father’s role, brain, parenting styles