Vpliv integrirane in ekološke pridelave na morfološke lastnosti in vsebnost izbranih primarnih in sekundarnih metabolitov v korenju (Daucus carota L.)

Šink, Nataša (author), Kacjan Maršić, Nina (mentor)

Na območju gorenjske regije smo v treh poskusih, v obdobju 2011–2015, analizirali morfološke parametre korenov in vsebnost metabolitov v korenčku (Daucus carota L.), pridelanem po smernicah ekološke in integrirane pridelave. Vsebnost primarnih in sekundarnih metabolitov smo analizirali s pomočjo sistema visokotlačne tekočinske kromatografije v kombinaciji z masno spektrometrijo (HPLS-MS), glede na kultivar ('Rodelika', 'Fanal' in 'Rolanka'), vrsto uporabljenega gnojila (organsko in mineralno), povečano količina dušika in kalija v gnojilu ter leto pridelave. Dodana hranila so v obeh pridelovalnih sistemih značilno povečala (od 47–262 %) pridelek korenčka vseh preizkušenih kultivarjev, glede na kontrolno obravnavanje (negnojene parcele). V ekološko pridelanem korenčku je bilo značilno manj jabolčne (43 %), fumarne (19 %) in šikimske kisline (23 %) ter več piruvične (80 %) in askorbinske kisline (12 %) v primerjavi z integrirano pridelanim korenčkom. Vsebnost fenolnih kislin in karotenoidov je bila sortno značilna. Koreni kultivarja 'Fanal' so vsebovali 30 % manj karotenoidov kot koreni kultivarjev 'Rodelika' in 'Rolanka'. V korenih kultivarja 'Rolanka' je bilo 21 % in 48 % več fenolnih kislin v 'Rodelika' in 'Fanal'. Povečana količina dodanega dušika in kalija je povečala vsebnost saharoze (10 %) in zmanjšala vsebnost derivatov ferulne kisline (105 %) glede na manj gnojen korenček. V korenih negnojenega korenčka je bilo 37 % manj saharoze, 64 % manj jabolčne kisline in 10 % več askorbinske kisline ter 74 % več derivatov ferulne kisline glede na povečano gnojenje z N in K. Zrelost korena je imela značilen vpliv na vse analizirane metabolite, leto pridelave pa le na vsebnost glukoze (65 % manj), jabolčne kisline (36 % več), askorbinske kisline (26 % manj) in fenolnih kislin, ki jih je bilo v letu 2012 160 % več glede na leto 2011). V tretjem tj. lončnem poskusu smo pridelali korenček za analizo izotopske sestave dušika, ki bi služil kot marker za ločevanje ekološko in integrirano pridelanega korenčka. Uporaba organskega ali mineralnega gnojila je značilno vplivala na izotopsko sestavo dušika v korenčku (organsko gnojen korenček je imel 47–107 % več težjega izotopa 15N kot korenček, gnojen z mineralnimi gnojili), vendar pa metoda izotopske sestave δ15N ni dovolj natančna, da bi jo uporabili kot edini kriterij za preverjanje pristnosti ekološke pridelave.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: korenček, Daucus carota, ekološka pridelava, integrirana pridelava, primarni metaboliti, sekundarni metaboliti, morfologija, pridelek
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [N. Šink]
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-100098
• UDC: 633.43:631.147:543.61:631.559(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8950905
• Publication date in RUL: 07.03.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of integrated and organic cultivation on morphological properties and content of selected primary and secondary metabolites in carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Abstract

In the period 2011–2015 we conducted three experiments in the Gorenjska region in which we analysed morphological parameters of the taproots and the content of metabolites in carrots (Daucus carota L.) grown according to the organic and integrated growth guidelines. The content of primary and secondary metabolites was analysed with high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLS-MS). We considered cultivar ('Rodelika', 'Fanal' and 'Rolanka'), type of fertiliser (organic and mineral), the increased amount of nitrogen and potassium and the year of growth. In both growing systems the added nutrients significantly increased the yield of all cultivars (from 47 % to 262 %) as compared to the control plots (not fertilised). Organically grown carrots contained significantly less malic acid (43 %), fumaric acid (19 %), and shikimic acid (23 %). On the other hand, they contained more pyruvic acid (80 %) and ascorbic acid (12 %) compared to the carrots from the integrated growth system. The content of phenolic acids and carotenoids dependend on the cultivar. 'Fanal' contained 30 % less carotenoids than 'Rodelika' and 'Rolanka'. 'Rolanka' taproots contained 21 % and 48 % more phenolic acids than 'Rodelika' and 'Fanal' respectively. The increased amount of added nitrogen and potassium influenced saccharose content which was increased by 10 %, and reduced the amount of ferulic acid derivatives by 105 % as compared to the less heavily fertilised carrots. The taproots of unfertilised carrots contained less saccharose (37 %), less malic acid (64 %), more ascorbic acid (10 %) and more ferulic acids derivatives (74 %) with regard to the increased fertilisation with nitrogen and potassium. Taproot maturity significantly influenced all the metabolites we had analysed while the year of growth only influenced glucose content (65 % less), malic acid (36 % more), ascorbic acid (26 % less) and phenolic acids (160% more in 2012 as compared to 2011). In the third experiment, which was a pot experiment, we grew carrots for the analysis of the isotopic composition of nitrogen which would serve as a marker in determining growing system (organic or integrated). Using organic or mineral fertiliser, respectively, significantly influenced the isotopic composition of nitrogen in the carrots (organically grown carrots contained from 47 % to 107 % more of the heavier isotope 15N than the ones fertilised with mineral fertilisers, however, the method of isotopic composition δ15N is not accurate enough to be used as a sole criterion in determining the authenticity of organic growth.

• Keywords: carrot, Daucus carota, organic production, integrated production, primary metabolites, secundary metabolites, morphology, yields