Odpadki v patronažnem varstvu : poročilo o raziskavi

Vovk, Lara (author), Milavec Kapun, Marija (mentor), Ferfila, Nevenka (co-mentor)

Uvod: Medicinske sestre v patronažnem varstvu izvajajo zdravstveno nego na pacientovem domu in zato delujejo v specifičnih delovnih okoljih, zlasti glede higiene. Da pogoje čistoče čim bolj optimizirajo, uporabljajo veliko materiala za enkratno uporabo, kar je trend povsod v zdravstvu. Ta material je po uporabi treba zavreči, kar je vzrok za nastanek večjih količin odpadkov. Ravnanje z odpadki v patronažnem varstvu pa postaja vse večji problem tudi zaradi velikega obsega kurativne dejavnosti v patronažnem varstvu. Namen: Raziskati problematiko odpadkov, ki nastajajo pri obravnavi pacienta v patronažnem varstvu ter ugotoviti, ali je za odpadke ustrezno poskrbljeno. Metode dela: Študenti zdravstvene nege so med opravljanjem kliničnega usposabljanja pri predmetu Zdravstvena nega v patronažnem in dispanzerskem varstvu opazovali medicinske sestre pri ravnanju z odpadki v patronažnem varstvu in podatke beležili v vnaprej pripravljeni obrazec. Rezultati: Pri 35 obiskih medicinskih sester v patronažnem varstvu je skupaj nastalo kar 480 kosov odpadkov ali 13,7 kosov odpadkov na obisk. Skoraj polovica odpadkov je nastala med zdravstveno nego pacienta z rano, približno desetina pa pri pripravi in dajanju zdravil, preprečevanju in obvladovanju okužb, diagnostično-terapevtskih intervencijah ter izločanju in odvajanju. Ključna je ugotovitev, da za kar 87 % odpadkov poskrbijo pacienti sami, zaradi česar velik delež odpadkov iz zdravstva, ki nastanejo v okviru dejavnosti patronažnega varstva, pristane med mešanimi gospodinjskimi odpadki. Med zbranimi infektivnimi odpadki je bilo tudi 24 odpadnih igel, od katerih je bilo pravilno odstranjenih le 67 %. Razprava in zaključek: Pri pregledu vzrokov, zakaj medicinske sestre v patronažnem varstvu poskrbijo le za 13 % odpadkov iz zdravstva, čeprav bi morale kot povzročiteljice odpadkov v celoti poskrbeti za njihovo ustrezno odstranitev, smo ugotovili, da medicinske sestre v patronažnem varstvu nimajo ustreznih sredstev za ravnanje z odpadki. V patronažnem varstvu nastajajo prevelike količine odpadkov, da bi jih medicinske sestre v patronažnem varstvu lahko transportirale z vozili, ki so jim na voljo. Za prevažanje in prenašanje odpadkov iz zdravstva bi se morala skladno z zakonom uporabljati le prevozna sredstva, namenjena izključno prevozu odpadkov iz zdravstva. Tako kot je odvoz uslužbenca zdravstvenega doma urejen za večje količine kužnih odpadkov, bi moral biti urejen tudi pri vseh ostalih odpadkih. Količina teh bo v prihodnosti po pričakovanjih naraščala, zato je za reševanje problema nastajanja ogromne količine odpadkov treba vnaprej pripraviti ustrezne strategije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zdravstvena nega, odpadki v zdravstvu, ravnanje z odpadki
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-100078
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5394795
• Publication date in RUL: 03.03.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Waste in community health nursing : research report

Abstract

Introduction: Community health nurses, who perform health care services at patients' homes, work in specific conditions, especially in terms of hygiene. To optimise the cleanliness conditions, they use a lot of disposable material (i.e. material for single use), which has become a general trend in health care. After use, this material must be discarded, which results in large quantities of waste. Waste management in community health nursing is therefore becoming a major problem also due to the increased number of curative activities performed in this line of work. Purpose: To explore the problem of waste generated during the treatment of patients by community health nurses, and to ascertain whether the waste is appropriately taken care of. Methods: During their clinical training, students of nursing were observing the work of community health nurses and how they deal with waste. All the data was recorded in the pre-prepared forms. Results: In the course of 35 visits of community nurses, 480 pieces of waste or 13.7 pieces of waste per visit were collected. Almost half of the waste was created while taking care of patients with wounds, and about one tenth in the preparation of medicines, prevention and control of infections, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and during excretion and discharge. The key finding arising from our research is that as much as 87% of the waste is taken care of by the patients themselves. As a result, a large amount of health care waste gets mixed with ordinary household waste. In addition, the collected infectious waste included 24 waste needles, of which only 67% were disposed of correctly. Discussion and conclusion: In reviewing the reasons why community health nurses dispose of only 13% of the waste created even though they should ensure proper disposal of all the waste generated during their work, we found out that they lack adequate facilities for waste management. During their work, excessive amounts of waste are generated, making it impossible for them to transport all of it with the few vehicles available to them. For the purposes of transporting themselves and the health care waste, only means of transport designated exclusively for the transport of health care waste should be used in accordance with the law. Just as transport is arranged for larger amounts of contaminated waste, disposal should be regulated for all other types of waste as well. Since the quantity of waste in general is expected to increase in the future, appropriate strategies need to be prepared in advance to solve the problem.

• Keywords: nursing, medical waste, waste management