Three-dimensional bioprinting is a method of tissue engineering that uses three methods for precise deposition of cellular material or bioink. The bioinks are basically composed of an aqueous solution of pre-polymeric basis and cells. The main task of bioink is to provide mechanical support for the model that is in the process of printing, while creating the appropriate conditions for cell survival and growth. The first way to build a three-dimensional model is a technique of injection, based on three manners of cell dosing: pneumatic, piezoelectric and heat-based. Technique: laser uses laser beam for determining cells that falls targeted on the absorption layer of titanium or iron, and on the underside, then separate part of the bioink (cell) falls off on the absorption basis. The push technique has two methods of dosing the correct amount of bioink, namely a pneumatic or hydraulic push piston. In any case, the described approaches have many technical failures. Therefore, it will be necessary in the following years to improve the printing resolution, simultaneously allocating several different cell types, vascularization, mechanical strength of the printed model and ensuring the high cell survival. At the moment, three-dimensional constructs are already extensively appearing in the field of regenerative medicine for the provision of grafts and pharmaceutical fields for testing pharmacokinetics of medicines.
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