Introduction: Allergic diseases are one of the most common chronic diseases in the world since they affect every fifth person. An allergy can rapidly develop into a severe reaction that can end with the death of the patient therefore health professionals must be well-informed about the quality treatment of such patients. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis is to present allergies, quality treatment, which includes treatment and approach to the patient with an allergic reaction, and the role of a nurse in emergency medical service when dealing with an anaphylaxis patient. The presentation of the above mentioned is based on Slovene and foreign professional and scientific literature, as well as on the data obtained in the previous research. Methods of work: The descriptive method of work was used in the preparation of the diploma thesis. When collecting the material, we made a detailed overview of Slovene and foreign professional and scientific literature in this field and obtained data from the previously carried out research. The method of work was selected according to the goals that we wished to achieve with the diploma thesis. The search is limited to research and publication of contributions between 2003 and 2016. Results: An allergy is a reaction of our immune system to an otherwise harmless stimulus from the environment. The most common causes of allergies are insect stings, medicines and food. The major problem among the medical staff is the failure to recognize anaphylaxis. Despite the fact that the first cure for the anaphylaxis treatment is adrenaline, antihistamines and corticosteroids are commonly used. Many people know which substances they are allergic to, but due to the lack of knowledge and education, allergic reactions still occur, in some cases they are fatal. Discussion and conclusion: A graduate nurse plays an important role in treating a patient with an allergic reaction, since they are usually the first to be beside the patient. We have realized that it is necessary to improve the recognition of allergies as well as to increase health education in order to prevent a larger number of allergic reactions. The first choice of medication is adrenaline, which is underused. Anyone who has experienced a severe allergic reaction should be given a first-aid kit and a lecture on how and when to use it.
|
