Pravica do predčasne pokojnine

Metulj, Špela (author), Strban, Grega (mentor)

Predčasna upokojitev je po novem Zakonu o pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju (ZPIZ-2), ki je v veljavi od leta 2013 ponovno uveden pojem, ki ga prej veljavni ZPIZ-1 ni poznal, urejal pa ga je Zakon o pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju iz leta 1992 (ZPIZ-92). Delavci se morajo predčasno upokojiti iz razlogov, ki niso v njihovi sferi odločanja (npr. odpuščanje, težave z zdravjem, zakonodaja) ali pa se prostovoljno predčasno upokojijo, ker si na primer želijo čim dlje uživati v pokoju, čeprav bo zaradi neizpolnjevanja pogojev za starostno pokojnino predčasna pokojnina nižja. Magistrska diplomska naloga je posvečena obravnavi slednjih. Novi zakon je za pridobitev pravice do predčasne pokojnine določil pogoj starosti in pokojninske dobe brez dokupa, zaradi česar prostovoljno plačani prispevki v obvezno pokojninsko zavarovanje (ki pomenijo dokup) ne zadostujejo za pridobitev te pravice. Ustavno sodišče je presojalo, ali ne gre v primeru te določbe morda za poseg v ustavne pravice zavarovancev, ki so po ZPIZ-1 prostovoljno plačevali prispevke v obvezno zavarovanje, pa se ne morejo upokojiti pod pogoji iz tega zakona. Ugotovilo je, da ni prišlo do kršitve ustavnih pravic. Vsekakor pa statistika kaže, da se je število t.i. ¨prostovoljnih zavarovancev¨ po uveljavitvi ZPIZ-2 zmanjšalo. V določeni meri je zakonodajalec torej uspel izpolniti zastavljeni cilj doseganja vdržnosti razmerja med vplačili in izplačili iz pokojninske blagajne, posamezniki, ki pa se bodo želeli v prihodnje predčasno upokojevati, se bodo morali najverjetneje posluževati še drugih pristopov, kot je na primer v tujini že precej uveljavljeno dodatno pokojninsko zavarovanje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Zakon o pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju, predčasna pokojnina, dokup dobe, pokojninska doba brez dokupa, načelo zaupanja v pravo
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-99340
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15890513
• Publication date in RUL: 16.01.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The right to early retirement

Abstract

Early retirement is a concept that has been reintroduced in the new Pension and Disability Insurance Act (in force since 2013). It was not known to the previous ZPIZ-1, but was regulated in Pension and Disability Insurance Act from 1992 (ZPIZ-1992). Workers must retire early for reasons beyond their sphere of decision-making (for example dismissals, health problems, legislation) or they voluntarily retire early because, for example, they want to enjoy retirement as long as possible, although pension is lower due to non-fulfillment of the conditions for old age retirement. The master thesis is dedicated to the treatment of the latter. In order to obtain the right to early retirement, the new Act determined the condition of age and pension qualifying period without purchase, which makes voluntarily paid contributions to compulsory pension insurance scheme (which constitute purchase) insufficient to obtain this right. The Constitutional Court assessed whether, in the case of this provision existed a breach of constitutional rights of insured persons who voluntarily paid contributions to compulsory pension insurance scheme according to ZPIZ-1 and can now not retire under the terms of this Act. The Court stated that there was no violation of constitutional rights. Nevertheless the statistics show that the number of so called ¨voluntarily insured persons¨ decreased after ZPIZ-2 came into force. To some extent the legislator has thus succeeded in meeting the goal of achieveng the retention of the ratio between contributions to the pension fund and payouts from it and in the future individuals who wish to retire early will most likely have to use other approaches such as, for example, supplementary pension insurance, which is widely established abroad.

• Keywords: Pension and Disability Insurance Act, Early Retirement, Supplementary Period, Pension Qualifying Period without Purchase, The Principle od Confidence in Law.