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Vprašanje odgovornosti Urada Visokega komisariata Združenih narodov za begunce za kršitve človekovih pravic v begunskih taboriščih
ID Pogačar, Ana (Author), ID Sancin, Vasilka (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Temeljna pravila o položaju beguncev so zbrana v Konvenciji o statusu beguncev iz leta 1951 in Dodatnem protokolu iz leta 1967, ki ne omenjata fizične zaščite beguncev. Visoki komisariat Združenih narodov za begunce (v nadaljevanju UNHCR) je ustanovila Generalna skupščina Organizacije združenih narodov (v nadaljevanju GS OZN) z mandatom mednarodne zaščite beguncev, kasneje pa se je mandat de facto razširil na zaščito notranje razseljenih oseb. Begunska taborišča so pogosto tarča militarizacije, ki ogroža človekove pravice beguncev in drugih oseb v taborišču. Grožnje za varnost so lahko notranje ali zunanje. Splošno je sprejeto, da ima država gostiteljica odgovornost za dejanja na svojem ozemlju, kar vključuje tudi begunsko taborišče. Pogosto pa ima država gostiteljica le de iure nadzor nad begunskim taboriščem, de facto nadzor je v rokah UNHCR. Komisija ZN za mednarodno pravo je v Členih o odgovornosti držav za mednarodno protipravna ravnanja (v nadaljevanju ARSIWA) in v Osnutku členov o odgovornosti mednarodnih organizacij za mednarodna protipravna dejanja (v nadaljevanju DARIO) odprla možnost za deljeno odgovornost med več akterji. UNHCR je mednarodna organizacija, v skladu z definicijo v DARIO in ima samostojno pravno subjektiviteto, omejeno z mandatom, ki mu ga je podelila GS OZN. Hipoteza magistrske naloge je, da UNHCR nosi mednarodno odgovornost za kršitve človekovih pravic v begunskih taboriščih. V prvem delu magistrske naloge so predstavljeni temeljni pojmi, vključno s pojmom militarizacija in načelom civilnega in humanitarnega značaja begunskih taborišč. Osrednji del se ukvarja z analizo mednarodnopravnega okvira odgovornosti države gostiteljice in mednarodne organizacije oziroma UNHCR.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:begunci, notranje razseljene osebe, kršitev človekovih pravic, begunsko taborišče, Visoki komisariat Združenih narodov za begunce (UNHCR), deljena odgovornost, Osnutek členov o odgovornosti mednarodnih organizacij za mednarodna protipravna dejanja
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Year:2018
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-99224 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:15987281 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:09.01.2018
Views:2760
Downloads:706
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The question of responsibility of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for violations of human rights in refugee camps
Abstract:
The basic rules on the refugee status are gathered in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Additional Protocol, which do not mention the physical protection of refugees. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (hereinafter UNHCR) was established by the UN General Assembly with the mandate to internationaly protect refugees. Later the mandate has been de facto extended to the protection of internally displaced persons. Refugee camps are often a target of militarization which threatens the human rights of refugees and other people in the camp. Security threats can be internal or external. It is generally accepted that the host country has responsibility for acts on its territory, including in the refugee camp. However, the host country often has only de jure control of the refugee camp, de facto control is in the hands of the UNHCR. The UN International Law Commission has opened the possibility of shared responsibility among several actors in the Articles on the Responsibility of the States for Internationally Wrongfuly Acts (hereinafter ARSIWA) and in the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations for international unlawful acts (hereinafter DARIO). The UNHCR is an international organization, in line with the definition in DARIO and has an independent legal personality which is limited by the mandate given by the UN General Assembly. The hypothesis of this master's thesis is that the UNHCR bears international responsibility for human rights violations in refugee camps. The first part of the master's thesis presents the basic concepts, including the concept of militarization and the principle of civil and humanitarian character of refugee camps. The central part deals with the analysis of the international legal framework of responsibility of the host country and the international organization or the UNHCR.

Keywords:refugees, internally displaced persons, human rights violations, refugee camp, UNHCR, shared responsibility, Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations for international unlawful acts

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