Fenolne snovi v alkoholnih ekstraktih, eteričnem olju in hidrolatu iz olupka mandarine (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Jop, Nensi (author), Slatnar, Ana (mentor), Jakopič, Jerneja (comentor)

V poskusu smo raziskovali fenolne snovi v alkoholnih ekstraktih, eteričnem olju in hidrolatru iz olupka mandarine. Mandarine so bile obrane v drugem tednu oktobra leta 2015 na območju Hrvaške, v mestu Opuzen. Iz olupka plodov mandarine smo naredili vodno parno destilacijo, kjer smo pridobili eterično olje in hidrolat. Naredili smo tudi ekstrakcije s pomočjo maceracije s 20 %, 40 %, 70 %, 90 %, 96 % etanolom in s 100 % metanolom. S pomočjo HPLC analize (tekočinske kromatografije visoke ločljivosti) smo določili fenolne snovi iz olupka mandarine. Analizirali smo derivate fenolnih kislin (kavne, ferulne in p-kumarne) in 3 skupine flavonoidov: flavone (derivate luteina, apigenina, krizoeriola in diosmina), flavonole (derivate kvercetina in izoramnetina) in flavanone (derivate naringenina, hespiridina, izosakuratina, neohespenidina in derivat naringenina). Med vsemi analiziranimi fenolnimi skupinami smo izmerili največ flavanonov pri ekstrakciji s 90 % etanolom, najmanjša je bila vsebnost fenolnih kislin pri 40 % etanolu. Flavoni in flavonoli so bili prisotni v podobnih koncentracijah. Vpliv različne koncentracije etanola in metanola na ekstrakcijo fenolnih snovi v ekstraktih olupka mandarine je bil statistično značilen. Najboljša ekstrakcija fenolnih kislin, flavonov in flavonolov je bila pri 40 % etanolu, medtem, ko se je največ flavanonov ekstrahiralo v 90 % etanolu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sadjarstvo, olupek, mandarina, Citrus reticulata, fenolne snovi
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [N. Jop]
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-99157
• UDC: 634.322:547.56(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8893817
• Publication date in RUL: 24.12.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Phenol substances in alcoholic extracts, etheric oil and hydrolate from tangerine peel (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Abstract

The experiment examined the phenol substances in alcoholic extracts, etheric oil and hydrolate from tangerine peel. Mandarins were harvested in the second week of October 2015 in the territory of Croatia in Opuzen. Aqueous vapor distillation was made from the mandarin peel, where essential oil and hydrolyte were obtained. We also made extractions using maceration with 20 %, 40 %, 70 %, 90 %, 96 % ethanol and 100 % methanol. Using HPLC analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography) we identified phenolic substances from the mandarin peel. We analyzed derivatives of phenolic acids (coffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric) and 3 groups of flavonoids: flavones (derivatives of lutein, apigenin, cryzoeryol and diosmin), flavonols (derivatives of quercetin and isoramnetin) and flavanones (derivatives of naringenin, hespyridine, isosacuratin, neohespenidine and derivative of naringenin. Among all the phenol groups analyzed, we measured most flavanones in extraction with 90 % ethanol, the minimum content was of phenolic acids with 40 % ethanol. Flavons and flavonols were present in similar concentrations. Flavons and flavonols were present in similar concentrations. The effect of the different concentrations of ethanol and methanol on the extraction of phenolic substances in the extracts of the mandarin peel was statistically significant. The best extraction of phenolic acids, flavones, and flavonols was at 40 % ethanol, while most flavanones were extracted in 90 % ethanol.

• Keywords: fruit growing, peel, tangerine, Citrus reticulata, phenols