Zdravstveni koučing kot nov pristop v zdravstveni negi : pregled literature

Prosen, Ana (author), Milavec Kapun, Marija (mentor)

Uvod: Vedenje posameznika igra osrednjo vlogo tako pri ohranjanju zdravja kot pri preprečevanju bolezni. Ko rešujemo izzive, povezane z večjo zaupnostjo pacientov, odločanjem ter spremembo življenjskega sloga, da bi izboljšali zdravstvene izide in hkrati znižali stroške zdravstvene oskrbe, so potrebni inovativni pristopi, tako na primarni ravni zdravstvenega varstva kot tudi širše. V zadnjih letih se v tujini širše v zdravstvu uveljavlja nov pristop, tj. zdravstveni koučing. Namen: Na osnovi obstoječe znanstvene in strokovne literature predstaviti zdravstveni koučing, ki ga izvaja medicinska sestra in opredeliti področja uporabe. Metode dela: Uporabljen je bil pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature s področja zdravstvenega koučinga, omejene na objave v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku ter objavljene v časovnem obdobju med leti 2007-2017. Vključitveni kriteriji za izbor člankov so bili: dostopnost, vsebinska ustreznost, aktualnost. Rezultati: Z vsebinsko analizo 40-ih enot znanstvene in strokovne literature so bila identificirana tri tematska področja zdravstvenega koučinga. V prvi temi so predstavljeni modeli, kamor sodijo kognitivni, integrativni ter odločitveni koučing. V drugi temi so predstavljeni podpora vodenju, komunikaciji, kompetence in razvoj, ki sodijo v področja uporabe. V tretji temi so obravnavana področja dela s pacientom v povezavi s kroničnimi boleznimi, bolečino, samooskrbo in preventivo. Razprava in zaključek: Zdravstveni koučing daje medicinski sestri znanje ter z njim povezane veščine, s tem pa tudi edinstveno priložnost, da posameznika vključi v sodelovanje k prizadevanju po boljšem opolnomočenju v skrbi za lastno zdravje. Prav tako lahko medicinska sestra zdravstveni koučing uporablja za motiviranje zaposlenih, pri odkrivanju njihove ambivalence glede spreminjanja življenjskih navad, ki vplivajo na njihovo zdravstveno stanje. Veščine koučinga se lahko uporabljajo pri izvajanju dejanj, ki imajo dolgotrajno pozitivne posledice pri promociji zdravja, zmanjševanju dejavnikov tveganja in stroškov zdravstvenega varstva. Raziskave na področju zdravstvenega koučinga kažejo na razlike v metodologijah in pomanjkanju konceptualne jasnosti. Sama učinkovitost zdravstvenega koučinga je odvisna od uporabe tehnik med izvajanjem koučinga, teoretične podlage kouča, frekventnosti in trajanja srečanja, prisotnosti pacienta, vsebine obravnave in seveda strokovne podlage medicinske sestre- zdravstvenega kouča. Področje zdravstvenega koučinga v slovenskem prostoru še ni razvito.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: koučing v zdravstveni negi, medicinska sestra, pacient, vedenjske spremembe, preventivna dejavnost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-98868
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5382763
• Publication date in RUL: 10.12.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Health coaching as a new approach in nursing : literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Individual behaviour plays a central role both in the maintenance of health and the prevention of illness. At the primary level of healthcare activity and beyond innovative approaches are needed for facing the challenges associated with greater patient confidentiality, decision-making and lifestyle change in order to improve health outcomes while reducing the cost of health care. In recent years a new approach called health coaching has been introduced in the healthcare sector of some countries. Purpose: To introduce health coaching, conducted by a nurse, based on current scientific and technical literature. Methods of work: A review of scientific and tehnical literature and various resources of health coaching was used. The search was limited to Slovene and English language, published between 2007-2017. The inclusion criteria was: accessibility, content suitability and up-to-date findings. Results: Via content analysis of 40 units of scientific and technical literature, three thematic areas of health coaching were identified: models, including cognitive, integrative and decision coaching; management support, communication, competencies and development that belong to the fields of use; working with the patient regarding chronic disease, pain, self-care, and prevention. Discussion and conclusion: Health coaching gives knowledge and the necessary skills to nurses and thus a unique opportunity to engage individuals in their efforts to achieve better empowerment. A nurse can also use health coaching to motivate employees, to discover their ambivalence towards changes in lifestyle that may be influencing their health. Coaching skills can be used to carry out actions that have long-lasting positive effects in promoting health, reducing risk factors and healthcare costs. Researches of health coaching are marked by differences in methodologies and lack of conceptual clarity. The effectiveness of health coaching depends on the use of techniques during coaching, the theoretical foundation of the lesson, the frequency and duration of the meeting, the presence of the patient, the content of treatment and the professional background of the nurse-health coach. The field of health coaching in Slovenia has not been developed yet.

• Keywords: nurse coaching, nurse, patient, behaviour change, preventive action